2. Population Growth Increasing standards of living Agriculture ◦ Hunger Issues ◦ Obesity ◦ Pesticides Overfishing Topics Topics

3. Population Growth Population Growth

4. Current human population of over 7.3 billion Projected to be over 9 billion by 2050 Population may grow to 13 billion by 2100 We are already using resources faster than they are being replaced, which is unsustainable.

5. Population Growth Population Growth

6. In the US, the consumption of 1 person is equal to that of 32 Kenyans. How many cars does your family have? How do you get to school? How many times a day do you eat meat? How much meat do you think you eat in a year? How many personal electronics do you own (phone, computer, ipad, kindle, etc.)? How many pairs of shoes do you own? U.S. Lifestyle

7. Globalization of the U.S. Lifestyle Agriculture and Food -- Meat Consumption: Per capita (Units: Kilograms per person) Country2002200119961991198619811976197119661961 Brazil82.48074.159.644.941.233.929.727.927.8 Canada108.1108.395.994.899.2100.3103.997.689.381.7 China52.450.838.527.920.71510.5109.63.8 Denmark145.9138.7130.6111.8100.376.571.548.653.856.7 France101.1102.9100101.794.998.894.388.179.277.7 India5.25.14.84.64.13.83.6 3.7 Mexico58.656.843.539.84039.832.824.325.825.4 United Kingdom79.67872.872.371.368.467.574.170.669.8 United States124.8120.3117.2114.4110.2108109.1108.297.489.2

9. From 1961 and 2002, meat consumption has seen a large increase virtually worldwide. There has also been a corresponding jump in its environmental impact. Increased meat-eating has followed rising affluence in many parts of the world. Increases in meat consumption and climate change have been linked. Why? http://www.theguardian.com/environment/ datablog/2009/sep/02/meat-consumption- per-capita-climate-change Globalization of the U.S. Lifestyle

10. The top row is the amount of grain required to produce a pound of raw animal (or milk). The third row shows how much grain is required to produce one pound of edible meat. The fourth row is the efficiency with which plant protein is converted to animal protein. http://alumni.stanford.edu/get/page/magazine/article/?article_id=29892 Efficiencies of Animal Food Production MilkChickenPorkBeef lbs. grain/ 12.548 lb. live weight Percent 95%55% 40% edible weight lbs. feed / 1.14.57.320 lb. edible weight plant-animal -20%10%4% protein conversion

11. Globalization of the U.S. Lifestyle In 2010, the world reached 1 billion cars! The most cars are in the U.S. with 1.3 cars for every person The largest growth however is occurring in China, with 27.5% increase in cars Other rapidly growing economies like India and Brazil have increased demand for cars Transportation accounts for 23% of the world’s greenhouse gases What happens if China and India reach the same ratio of cars to people as the United States? http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2011/08/23/car-population_n_934291.html

12. Globalization of the U.S. Lifestyle In India, 14 percent of households in urban areas have refrigerators and 15 percent have washing machines (Feb 2013) The Asian market for consumer electronic goods (computers, tablets, smartphones) surpassed the North American market in 2014 What happens when everyone in India and China has the same amount of appliances/electronics as the U.S? http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/consumer-electronics-market- investment/1/191552.html http://venturebeat.com/2014/01/05/china-finally-supplants-north-america-as- the-biggest-consumer-electronics-market/

13. Two types hunger issues. ◦ 1. Undernourishment – not enough calories ◦ 2. Malnourishment – enough calories, but not nutrients Where is undernourishment an issue? Where is malnourishment an issue? Hunger Issues Hunger Issues

14. Undernourished Global Population Undernourished Global Population

15. Food Shortages Food Shortages Can you name some reasons we may have food shortages in the future? Increased demand due to rising population Increased standard of living in developed nations Global warming may increase intensity and frequency of droughts Increase in fuel prices raise the cost of food Corn aborted Summer of 2012 in the U.S.

16. Malnourishment Malnourishment People of poverty typically suffer from food insecurity and have more access to fringe food ◦ In 2010, 48.8 million Americans lived in food insecure households, 32.6 million adults and 16.2 million children. (FeedingAmerica.org) Food insecurity = lack of food accessibility Fringe food = junk food Farm subsidies provide an overabundance of cheap corn. This provides cheap meat in the form of fast food and high fructose corn syrup laden drinks and food. ◦ These foods are linked to diabetes, obesity, and heart disease.

17. Obesity and Unhealthy Food Obesity and Unhealthy Food Growing obesity rates are directly related to food consumption. The predicted health bill for obesity-related diseases in 2012 is 166.2 million More than 1/3 of U.S. adults (35.7%) and approximately 17% (or 12.5 million) of children and adolescents aged 2—19 years are obese. ◦ This trend is increasing; in 1970 only 5% of children were obese.

18. U.S. CDC Obesity Map U.S. CDC Obesity Map

19. Pesticides Pesticides

20. Pesticides & Agriculture Pesticides & Agriculture 1 billion pounds of pesticides are used in the U.S. every year According to Cornell entomologist David Pimentel, “[i]t has been estimated that only 0.1% of applied pesticides reach the target pests, leaving the bulk of the pesticides (99.9%) to impact the environment. Long-term exposure increases the risk of reproductive disorders, immune-system and endocrine disruption, impaired nervous- system function, and development cancers. (WHO 2012)

21. Residual Chemicals on Produce Residual Chemicals on Produce

22. Agriculture is the single largest user of freshwater resources, using a global average of 70% of all surface water supplies. Industrial agriculture is one of the leading causes of water pollution in the United States. Agricultural activity was identified as a source of pollution for 48% of stream or river water and 41% of lake water. (EPA: National Water Quality Inventory, 2000)

23. Overfishing Overfishing

24. Over 2,000 fish species have gone extinct due to overfishing. (End of the Line, 2009) More than 70% of the fish species worldwide are endangered. (FAO, 2009) It is estimated we eat about 10% of the fish that are caught. The rest, called bycatch, is typically killed by accidental harvest. (BAM, 2009) Global average consumption of fish is 37 lbs per person per year. (FAO, 2010) How does technology contributes to overfishing?

25. Overfishing: Atlantic Cod Collapse Overfishing: Atlantic Cod Collapse

26. Human population is growing at an exponential rate Increasing standard of living for developing countries (more meat, cars, etc.) Increasing access to unhealthy food and limited access to healthy food Extensive use of water and pesticide in agriculture Oceans are being overfished to the point of extinction BUT… Aquaponics can help alleviate all of these issues. Summary

27. Tilapia - high in protein, low in fat and relatively low in calories, making it a good food choice. Unlike many cuts of fatty animal meat, such as beef and pork, tilapia is virtually free of saturated fat, making it a better choice for supporting cardiovascular health. It is a nutrient-dense food, or one that provides more nutrients per calorie than calories per nutrient. Like all seafood, eating tilapia, as it is a food source of selenium, may reduce your risk of developing certain types of cancers. http://www.livestrong.com/article/310654-nutritional-value-of-tilapia- fish/#ixzz2eLCuCeBF What do we grow in Aquaponics?

28. Swiss Chard - contains 716 percent of the DV for vitamin K, 214 percent of the DV for vitamin A, 53 percent of the DV for vitamin C Swiss chard is a good source of antioxidants. Antioxidants may play a role in the prevention of some cancers, heart disease and Alzheimer’s disease. http://www.livestrong.com/article/532308-nutritional-facts-of-cooked-swiss- chard/ What do we grow in Aquaponics?

29. Basil - may help reduce the effects of aging, according to Medical News Today. The herb is believed to contain components like antioxidants that offer anti-aging benefits. Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/248798-medical-benefits-of-the-basil- herb/#ixzz2eLFEj0o1http://www.livestrong.com/article/310654-nutritional-value-of-tilapia- fish/#ixzz2eLCuCeBFhttp://www.livestrong.com/article/248798-medical-benefits-of-the-basil- herb/#ixzz2eLFEj0o1http://www.livestrong.com/article/310654-nutritional-value-of-tilapia- fish/#ixzz2eLCuCeBF Sage - beneficial in treating fevers and colds, sore throat and headaches as well as indigestion and gastro-intestinal upsets Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/96369-health-benefits-sage-tea/#ixzz2eLFk8s3rhttp://www.livestrong.com/article/96369-health-benefits-sage-tea/#ixzz2eLFk8s3r Chives-might contribute to lower cholesterol and blood pressure, which improves your overall health, particularly that of your heart. Allicin aids in cholesterol management by reducing your LDL levels and increasing your HDL levels. This nutrient might also cut your blood pressure and prevent dangerous blood clots. Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/407900-health-benefits-of- chives/#ixzz2eLG10FZ2http://www.livestrong.com/article/407900-health-benefits-of- chives/#ixzz2eLG10FZ2 What do we grow in Aquaponics?