1. Chapter 4: Achieving 21st Century Learning Environments By: Rachel Culley, Karlee Wilson, Grace Hawkins, and Jessica Squires

2. Introduction
The explosion of information available at the tips of our student’s fingers requires teachers to create an equally engaging learning environment. This can be done with teacher and student centered strategies.

3. Teacher Centered Strategies
Presentation
Demonstration
Drill and Practice
Tutorials

4. Presentation
In a presentation, a source tells or dramatizes information to learners.
Presentation sources include the teacher, textbooks, audio, video, and internet sites.
Advantages: Present once, note-taking strategies, information resources
Disadvantages: Difficult for some students, potentially boring, note taking difficulty, age appropriateness.

5. Presentation Integration
Interactive SMARTboard
Document cameras
Student clickers

6. Demonstration
to show how something works through modeling what needs to be done and how to do it
Advantages
Seeing before doing
Task guidance
Economy of supplies
Safety
Disadvantages
Not hands-on
Limited View
Nonflexible pacing

7. Intergration
Recording the demonstration Online sources Ex.- Youtube

8. Advantages Disadvantages
Drill and Practice
Learners complete practice exercises to increase fluency in content areas such as language arts or mathematics
Advantages Disadvantages
corrective feedback Repetitive
Information chunking Potentially boring
Built-in practice Non-adaptive

9. Intergration Computer games ex.- Reader Rabbit
Free interactive online games
Flashcards
Worksheets

10. Advantages Disadvantages
Tutorial
Learners work with an "agent" that acts as a teacher by providing content, supplying feedback, and providing practice for the learner.
Advantages Disadvantages
Independent work Potentially boring
Self-paced Possibly frustrating
Individualization Potential lack of guidance

11. Intergration Peer tutoring Computer-assisted tutorial soft-ware
Workbook

12. Student Centered Strategies
Discussion
Cooperative Learning
Games
Simulations
Discovery
Problem Solving

13. Discussion
The exchange of ideas and opinions among students or among students and the teacher
Advantages Disadvantages
Interesting Potential for limited participation Challenging Difficulty level Inclusive Age appropriateness
Opportunity for new ideas

14. Intergration Technology-supported discussions Video-conferencing
Online discussions

15. Cooperative Learning can be formal or informal.
Cooperative Learning is a grouping strategy in which students work together to assist each other’s learning.
Cooperative Learning can be formal or informal.

16. Group Member Limitation
Cooperative Learning
Advantages
Learning Benefits
Formal or Informal
Learning Opportunity
Content Areas
Limitations
Size Limitation
Potential Overuse
Group Member Limitation

17. Integrating Cooperative Learning
Discussions
Producing Media
Group Presentations

18. Games
Educational Gaming provides a competitive environment in which learners follow prescribed rules as they strive to attain a challenging goal. Games often require learners to use problem-solving skills in figuring out solutions or to demonstrate mastery of a specific content demanding a high degree of accuracy and efficiency.

19. Misdirection od Intention
Games
Limitations
Competition Concerns
Levels of Difficulty
Expense
Misdirection od Intention
Advantages
Engaging
Match to Outcomes
Variety of Settings
Gain Attention

20. Integrating Games Logic Puzzles Riddles or Brainteasers
Digital or Paper Crossword Puzzles
Playing “Store”
Web Games

21. Simulations
Simulation allows learners to confront a scaled-down version of a real-life situation. Can be used as whole-class or small-group activities, offering experiences that might not otherwise be possible in the read world.

22. Simulations Advantages Limitations Safety Questionable Representation
Recreate History
Hands-On
Variety of Ability Levels
Limitations
Questionable Representation
Complexity
Time Factor

23. Integrating Simulations
Labs
Math Manipulatives
Role Playing

24. Discovery
The discovery strategy uses an inductive, or inquiry, approach to learning that fosters a deeper understanding of the content through the learners involvement with it. Use the scaffolding approach to build on prior knowledge.

25. Student Control of Learning
Discovery
Advantages
Engaging
Repeated Steps
Student Control of Learning
Disadvantages
Time Factor
Preparation is Critical
Misunderstanding

26. Integrating Discovery
Instructional Technology and Media
Time-Lapse Photos
Software Tools
Digital Video

27. What is Problem-Based Learning?
Students actively seek solutions to structured or ill-structured problems situated in the real world
Structured problems present students with a clear sense of what might represent an appropriate response
Ill-structured problems can be solved in more than one way

28. The Role of Technology
Technology becomes an “intellectual partner” with students during problem- based learning through both support and engagement
Technology provides the tools and environment to access, manipulate, and even display information

29. Advantages and Limitations of Problem-Based Learning
Students are actively engaged, there is a context for learning, and it offers levels of complexity
Disadvantages:
- Some programs are hard to create, the lessons are often time consuming, and some problems may not be appropriate for the students age or experience level

30. Integration of Problem-Based Learning Strategies
Many computer applications are available to support this type of learning
Some software packages provide tools to graphically represent information, provide specific pattern design problems or help develop and explore data sets for answers
WebQuests are structured problems that include steps for students to follow, offer online resources, and present instructions to prepare a report on their solution

31. Learning Context There are 5 contexts most used in a
Pre-K through grade 12 environment:
Face to Face Instruction
Distance Learning
Blended Instruction
Independent Study (structured)
Informal Study (non-structured)

32. Face to Face Instruction
Most prevalent instruction found in schools
Learning experiences are unlimited because both the student and teacher are in the same room
Technology such as interactive whiteboards, podcasts, and live interviews can be easily used during this instruction

33. Distance Learning This type of learning has been around for 100+ years
The student can be in one location whereas the teacher and rest of the class can be in another setting (teacher may or may not be seen or heard)
When teaching this way, one will need to think about the classroom as if it were divided into many parts

34. Blended Instruction
Instruction is a mix of both synchronous settings (real time) and asynchronous settings (in different places)
Students may meet face to face on certain days during the week and then complete online coursework when not in class

35. Independent Study
This structured instruction allows students to learn information and acquire skill without direct instruction coming from the teacher
Allows students to work at their own pace
Used in class at learning centers to either aid those in need of remediation or advance their skills

36. Informal Study
This type of instruction is not structured due to its nature
Students seek information that they may not be exposed to in class using the internet and television channels such as the History Channel, National Geographic Channel or Public Broadcasting System

37. Integrating Free and Inexpensive Materials
Endless materials available online (Google Docs, etc.)
Include types of media such as posters, maps, books, CDs, and real objects
Open source websites offer free productivity of key importance to schools such as:
Word processing
Spreadsheets
Presentation software

38. Advantages and Limitations of Free and Inexpensive Materials
Up to date, in-depth information, variety of uses, and student manipulation
Limitations:
- Bias, promotion of special interests, and limited quantities of materials for the students

39. Sources for Free and Inexpensive Materials
Community organizations (brochures on American Red Cross)
Foreign governments (posters and maps)
Police and fire departments (safety presentations and materials)
Museums (booklets on culture and art)

40. Questions for Review
What is one way to integrate discovery in the classroom?
What is one way to integrate simulations in the classroom?

41. Answer
Instructional Technology and Media, Time-Lapse Photos, Software Tools, and Digital Video
Labs, Math Manipulatives, and Role Playing

42. Questions for Review
To create an equally engaging learning environment, this can be done with what?
Name one teacher and one student strategy

43. Teacher and Student centered strategies.
Answer
Teacher and Student centered strategies.
Presentation, Demonstration, Drill and Practice, and Tutorials, Discussion, Cooperative Learning, Games, Simulations, Discovery, and Problem Solving

44. Review Questions What website was mentioned for Drill and Practice?
What’s a limitation to free and inexpensive materials?

45. Answer Magic School Bus
Bias, promotion of special interests, and limited quantities of materials for the students