1. Have out:  Onion Mitosis Lab  1 piece of paper labeled “Understanding Cancer” (N?) Pick up:  Yellow, pink, green & blue sticky note Agenda: 1.Finish Onion Mitosis lab & turn-in 2.Understanding Cancer reading & activity 3.Cancer notes Homework: 1.The Cell Cycle: Mitosis & Meiosis Test: Fri, 11/22 Biology Fun Fact: According to the American Cancer Society, about 1,660,290 new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed in 2013 (does not include carcinoma in situ of any site & basal cell & squamous cell skin cancers). In 2013, about 580,350 Americans are expected to die of cancer, almost 1,600 people per day. Cancer is the 2 nd most common cause of death in the US, exceeded only by heart disease, accounting for nearly 1 of every 4 deaths. Week #6 (11/18-11/22) Warm Up – Mon, 11/18: - Finish Onion Mitosis lab & turn-in Unit Learning Goal: Students will understand the phases of the cell cycle.

2.  Onion Mitosis Lab Onion Mitosis Lab  What is the magnification of the eyepiece lens?  How do you find Total Magnification?  When do you use the course adjustment?  What do you use fine adjustment for?  How do you carry a microscope? L14 – “Onion Mitosis Lab” Telophase Anaphase Interphase Prophase Metaphase When finished with your lab (observations & questions), turn your lab handout in to the Hmwk Bin!!! Real Time- lapse photography of Mitosis Occurring

3.  QUIETLY read the “Understanding Cancer” article on Pgs. 138-9.  When finished…  Divide your paper labeled N? like the picture below & add the labels to each grid.  On each sticky note, WRITE LARGELY & NEATLY…  Yellow characteristic definition  Yellow: an essential characteristic or definition of cancer  Pink: a fact you did not know about cancer  Green: an example of cancer  Blue: an non-example or opposite of cancer N? – “Understanding Cancer” Understanding Cancer Characteristic/ Definition New Facts Non-example/ opposite Examples

4.  Now get into your lab groups.  Send 2 people to the back to pick up a whiteboard & a cubbie.  Set up your whiteboard like page N? with 2 lines & labels for each section.  Add your OWN IDEAS to N?.  Add your sticky notes to your whiteboard in the appropriate areas.  As a group, share out your ideas ALOUD.  Add any NEW IDEAS of your group members to N?.  Cancer Walk-about:  As you walk, take your Sci. Ntbk with you & add any NEW IDEAS from other groups. N? – “Understanding Cancer”

5.  Errors in mitosis are rare, but…  When mitosis does go wrong, it’s…  Usually during early cellular divisions &  Dangerous to future offspring because they will carry same disorder N? – “Understanding Cancer”

6.  Mutations in genes that control the timing & number of mitotic cell cycles:  Tumor: cancerous cell mass resulting from abnormal cell growth & production of excess tissue in single organ  Benign: Tumors that remain in original location  Not harmful if they do not grow to excessive sizes  Malignant: Tumors that leave original location & invade other cells  Metastasis: migration of tumor cells that lodge in other parts of the body & form new tumors N? – “Understanding Cancer”

7.  Chromosomes may become damaged  Arm of chromosome broken & fragment lost = deletion  Fragment (gene) may…  incorrectly reattach to another chromosome = translocation  Reattach to original chromosome but in reverse orientation = inversion  May be treated as a separate chromosome = chromosomal duplication N? – “Understanding Cancer”

8.  Non-disjunction: a chromosome fails to separate during anaphase  One daughter cell receives both sister chromosomes & the other receives none  Trisomy: condition in which a cell contains 3 (tri = 3) chromosomes with same genes (2 sisters & a homologue)  Monosomy: condition in which a cell has only 1 (mono = 1) chromosome (a homologous chromosome)  Condition associated with cancer & mental retardation N? – “Understanding Cancer”

9. Pick up:  Mitosis vs. Meiosis Review (N?)  Meiosis note page (N?) Agenda: 1.Mitosis vs. Meiosis 2.Meiosis notes Homework: 1.The Cell Cycle: Mitosis & Meiosis Test: Fri, 11/22 Biology Fun Fact: Estimated Number* of Deaths for Selected Cancers by State, US, 2013 (American Cancer Society) ARIZONAAll SitesBrain/FemaleColon &Leukemia NervousBreastRectum System 11,210 310 790 990 480 LiverLung/Non-Hodgkin OvaryPancreasProstate BronchusLymphoma 460 2,850 400 310 740 630 Week #6 (11/18-11/22) Warm Up – Tues, 11/19: -Mitosis Review & Meiosis Intro simulationMitosis Review & Meiosis Intro simulation Unit Learning Goal: Students will understand the phases of the cell cycle.

10. Eukaryotic Somatic (body) cells do this to reproduce Eukaryotic Gametes (sex/reproductive) cells do this to reproduce N? – Mitosis vs. Meiosis Summary Review Guide

11.  Meiosis involves 2 divisions of the nucleus, to produce 4 haploid (hap = “half”) cells.  Before meiosis begins, DNA is replicated (copied); allowing the cell to make a complete copy of its genetic information during interphase. Each chromatid has an identical copy of DNA attached at a centromere.  Homologous chromosomes are similar in size, shape & genetic content. N? – “Meiosis notes”

12. Prophase I  Chromosomes are visible as the DNA condenses (becomes more compact).  Homologous chromosomes pair up – 1 from father, 1 from mother  Crossing over occurs – sections of 2 homologous chromosomes switch places  Spindle fibers form & attach to chromosomes.  Nuclear membrane disappears. N? – “Meiosis notes”

13. Metaphase I  Homologous chromosomes move to the equator of the cell.  Homologous chromosomes remain together. N? – “Meiosis notes”

14. Anaphase I  Spindle fibers pull chromosomes to opposite poles of cell (do not pull chromatids apart at centromere) N? – “Meiosis notes”

15. Telophase I/Cytokinesis I  Individual chromosomes gather at each of the poles.  Spindle fibers disappear.  2 daughter diploid (di – “2”) cells are created when the cell membrane divides. N? – “Meiosis notes”

16. Prophase II  Spindle fibers appear & attach to chromosomes.  Nucleus disappears Metaphase II  Chromosomes line up “single file” along the equator. N? – “Meiosis notes”

17. Anaphase II  Spindle fibers pull the chromatids apart at the centromere.  Fibers pull the chromatids to opposite poles N? – “Meiosis notes”

18. Telophase II/Cytokinesis II  A nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes.  The spindle fibers disappear.  The cell undergoes cytokinesis.  4 haploid cells are created. N? – “Meiosis notes”

19. MEIOSIS I Mitosis & Meiosis comparison: http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535::535::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120074/bio17.swf::Com parison of Meiosis and Mitosis N? – “Meiosis notes”

20. MEIOSIS II N? – “Meiosis notes”

21. 3 key contributions to genetic variation: 1. Crossing-over chromosomes exchange sections (increases variability) Meiosis & Crossing over video N? – “Meiosis & Genetic Variation notes”

22.  Can cells make mistakes when they reproduce?  Deletion: arm of a chromosome becomes broken & fragment is lost  Translocation: fragment incorrectly reattaches to another, non-homologous chromosome  Inversion: fragment reattaches to original chromosome, but in reverse orientation  Chromosomal duplication: fragment treated erroneously as a separate chromosome N? – “Meiosis & Genetic Variation notes”

23. Independent Assortment video N? – “Meiosis & Genetic Variation notes” 3 key contributions to genetic variation: 2. Independent assortment occurs because there are various ways that chromosomes may be aligned in metaphase I of meiosis

24. N? – “Meiosis & Genetic Variation notes” 3 key contributions to genetic variation: 3. Random fertilization: Any sperm can fuse with any egg! A zygote (fused sperm & egg) produced by mating of a woman & man has a unique genetic identity. An ovum (egg) is 1 of ~8 million possible chromosome combinations (actually 2 23 ). A successful sperm represents 1 of ~8 million different possibilities (actually 2 23 ). The resulting zygote is composed of 1 in 70 trillion (2 23 x 2 23 ) possible combinations of chromosomes. And…. Crossing-over adds even more variation to this!

25. The main purpose of meiosis is the formation of gametes = gametogenesis Meiosis in males: Spermatogenesis – process of producing sperm with half the number of chromosomes (haploid) as somatic cells Spermatogenesis video N? – “Meiosis & Gamete Formation notes”

26. HOW SPERM IS MADE!! IN MALES, - 1 somatic cell (stem cells) goes through 2 divisions of Meiosis I & Meiosis II & - you will have 4 viable sperm cells N? – “Meiosis & Gamete Formation notes”

27. 13 Oogenesis - production of an egg or ovum in the female N? – “Meiosis & Gamete Formation notes” Oogenesis video

28. HOW AN EGG IS MADE!! IN FEMALES, - 1 somatic cell (stem cell) goes through 2 divisions of Meiosis I & Meiosis II - you will have 1 very large egg cell = absorbed back into body as protein N? – “Meiosis & Gamete Formation notes”

29.  Chromosomes: bundles of long strands of DNA (like unraveling a ball of string)  Eukaryotes (reproduce sexually): chromosomes come in pairs (except in sex cells or gametes)  Humans have 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs  Meiosis  Each new cell has only half the number of chromosomes that a typical cell in that organism has  Example: Human somatic cells (46 chromosomes); sperm & egg cells (23 chromosomes)  Cells containing half the chromosome number: haploid cells  Cells with the full chromosome number: diploid cells  Gametes (sex cells) only have half the number of chromosomes because during sexual reproduction, each parent contributes 50% of the genetic information N? – “Meiosis notes”

30. Have out:  Cell Cycle Pre-Test Pick up:  A box of crayons Agenda: 1.Finish Meiosis notes (if needed) 2.Mitosis vs. Meiosis Memoirs Review activity Homework: 1.The Cell Cycle: Mitosis & Meiosis Test: Fri, 11/22 Biology Fun Fact: Week #6 (11/18-11/22) Warm Up – Thurs, 11/21: -Cell Cycle Pre-Test Review Unit Learning Goal: Students will understand the phases of the cell cycle.

31.  Each pair needs to pick up a red, blue, yellow & green colored pencil.  Re-read through each Unit Objectives  If you are SUPER DUPER CONFIDENT & CAN APPLY/ EXPLAIN AN EXAMPLE for that objective, put a blue SMILEY FACE in that square.  If you are CONFIDENT that you know/can do that objective, put a green CHECK MARK in that square.  GO! ‘cause you KNOW!  If you HAVE HEARD OF/KIND OF KNOW that objective, put a yellow STAR in that square.  HAULT or WAIT…not sure!  If you HAVE NEVER HEARD OF/DO NOT KNOW that objective, put a red QUESTION MARK in that square.  STOP! I have no idea! S7 – “Cell Cycle Pre-Test”

32. In a group of 2 to 3 (yes, you MAY choose), create a poster (with captions) about meiosis from a CREATIVE point of view. Include the following: NAMES of ALL group members on BACK Cell (after interphase) must have 4 pieces of DNA (DNA needs to be represented in a CREATIVE WAY) All the STEPS of MEIOSIS + Interphase & Cytokinesis EXPLAIN, in detail, what happens to you in each phase Chromosomes must include COLOR to show pairs & sets FIRST & LAST CELLS need to be LABELED with all IMPORTANT terms (chromatids, chromatin, chromosome, spindle fibers, centrioles, etc) If there is a difference in the phase (compared to mitosis), you MUST include a FOOTNOTE under the image stating & explaining what the difference is

33. Have out:  ??? Pick up:  Answer Sheet Agenda: 1.The Cell Cycle: Mitosis & Meiosis Test 2.DNA Replication Pre-Test & Learning Goal Homework: None! Have a great weekend! Biology Fun Fact: Week #6 (11/18-11/22) Warm Up – Fri, 11/22: -Last minute questions? Unit Learning Goal: Students will understand the phases of the cell cycle.

35.  Each pair needs to pick up a red, blue, yellow & green colored pencil.  Read through each Unit Objective  If you are SUPER DUPER CONFIDENT & CAN APPLY/ EXPLAIN AN EXAMPLE for that objective, put a blue SMILEY FACE in that square.  If you are CONFIDENT that you know/can do that objective, put a green CHECK MARK in that square.  GO! ‘cause you KNOW! HAVE HEARD OF/KIND OF KNOW yellow STAR  If you HAVE HEARD OF/KIND OF KNOW that objective, put a yellow STAR in that square.  HAULT or WAIT…not sure  HAULT or WAIT…not sure!  If you HAVE NEVER HEARD OF/DO NOT KNOW that objective, put a red QUESTION MARK in that square.  STOP! I have no idea! S8 – “DNA Replication Pre-Test”

36. 4.0 In addition to Level 3, the student can make inferences & applications beyond the examples discussed in class. 3.0 Mastery In addition to Level 2, the student can: Distinguish between DNA, RNA & proteins. Identify the steps of DNA Replication. Identify the steps of Protein Synthesis. Discuss how DNA determines the characteristics of an organism. with no major errors or omissions. 2.0 With no major errors or omissions, the student can complete some of Level 3 but not all objectives. 1.0 With guidance, the student can complete at least one objective. 0 Even with guidance, the student is unable to complete any of the objectives.