1. 5/14/2010 RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting 1 PHENIX: The Next BUP and the Next Decade J. Lajoie for the PHENIX Collaboration

2. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting2 Charge from Steve Vidgor ALD Steve Vigdor has charged PHENIX and STAR to write decadal plans due August 1, 2010. Summarize detector upgrades underway and to be utilized in the next 5 years. Summarize detector upgrades underway and to be utilized in the next 5 years. Compelling science beyond 5++ years that require additional detector upgrades and machine capabilities. Compelling science beyond 5++ years that require additional detector upgrades and machine capabilities. Prioritize the physics and the upgrades above. Prioritize the physics and the upgrades above. Discuss the option of an electron beam in the tunnel and thus an ePHENIX and eSTAR in the MeRHIC and EIC era. Discuss the option of an electron beam in the tunnel and thus an ePHENIX and eSTAR in the MeRHIC and EIC era.

3. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting3 Caveats The PHENIX BUP for Run11-12 is still in development The PHENIX BUP for Run11-12 is still in development Still, it’s relatively straightforward Still, it’s relatively straightforward The PHENIX Decadal Plan is a moving target The PHENIX Decadal Plan is a moving target Active effort within the PHENIX Collaboration Active effort within the PHENIX Collaboration As of now, there is no “official” Decadal Plan As of now, there is no “official” Decadal Plan What you will see is my take on the current process What you will see is my take on the current process Of course, it’s probably biased Of course, it’s probably biased PHENIX has decided to THINK BIG! PHENIX has decided to THINK BIG! RHIC will have no future if it does not pursue exciting new physics discoveries! RHIC will have no future if it does not pursue exciting new physics discoveries!

4. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting4 The Next Five Years Run-10 Run-11: Silicon VTX on schedule. Precision heavy flavor era! Muon Trigger Upgrade on schedule! Forward W   DAQ Upgrade on schedule! Run-12: Forward silicon VTX available. Run-14: Forward Calorimetry (FOCAL proposal) Critical to exploit the detectors to do the physics they were designed for.

5. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting5 High Precision Heavy Flavor

6. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting6 The FOCAL Si-W calorimeter Si-W calorimeter 44cm from the interaction point 44cm from the interaction point Replaces existing Cu nosecone Replaces existing Cu nosecone Modular Brick construction Modular Brick construction Physics Goal Physics Goal Gluon PDF at low-x via direct photons Gluon PDF at low-x via direct photons This is a very new type of detector! A hybrid between a calorimeter and a tracking detector

7. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting7 The PHENIX Run-11/12 BUP Run-11: Run-11: Anticipate an even split between AuAu and 500GeV pp running: Anticipate an even split between AuAu and 500GeV pp running: pp – commissioning/physics with muon trigger and VTX pp – commissioning/physics with muon trigger and VTX AuAu – first physics running with VTX AuAu – first physics running with VTX Considering how useful ~1-2 weeks of U+U running would be Considering how useful ~1-2 weeks of U+U running would be Run-12: Run-12: Additional physics running at 500GeV Additional physics running at 500GeV HI running with VTX and FVTX HI running with VTX and FVTX Will ask for some pp low energy running (HI comparison – 62.4, 39, 22.4 GeV) Will ask for some pp low energy running (HI comparison – 62.4, 39, 22.4 GeV) Some AuAu low energy running Some AuAu low energy running Excitation of constituent quark scaling (~20GeV) Excitation of constituent quark scaling (~20GeV)

8. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting8 Run-11 Spin Goals and Assumptions PHENIX wants to emphasize that 500GeV polarized running in Run-11 is commissioning for both the collider and PHENIX PHENIX wants to emphasize that 500GeV polarized running in Run-11 is commissioning for both the collider and PHENIX New PHENIX Muon Trigger New PHENIX Muon Trigger New VTX detector New VTX detector Assuming ~10 weeks of 500 GeV running, this should be broken into two parts: Assuming ~10 weeks of 500 GeV running, this should be broken into two parts: First ~4 weeks: Collider commissioning, detector setup First ~4 weeks: Collider commissioning, detector setup Expect priority is on luminosity and polarization development, beam for experiments on evenings Expect priority is on luminosity and polarization development, beam for experiments on evenings Next 4-5 weeks: Physics running for W A L Next 4-5 weeks: Physics running for W A L Emphasis on stable running conditions Emphasis on stable running conditions PHENIX assumes it will integrate ~50pb -1 PHENIX assumes it will integrate ~50pb -1

9. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting9 Run-11 Expectation A L W->  Assumes 50pb -1, P=50% S/B=0.3 – Believe we can ultimately achieve S/B=3.0, but this requires additional analysis and development S/B uncertainty shown as gray box Run-11 is the beginning of the W physics program…

10. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting10 PHENIX Near-Term Spin Goals Main PHENIX focus is W physics! Main PHENIX focus is W physics! Need to insure we accumulate sufficient integrated luminosity Need to insure we accumulate sufficient integrated luminosity Expect to run at least three years Expect to run at least three years Run-11 through Run-13? Run-11 through Run-13? Additional spin physics efforts: Additional spin physics efforts: Longitudinal (500GeV): Longitudinal (500GeV): A LL for  0, , charm, direct photons A LL for  0, , charm, direct photons Transverse (depends on running): Transverse (depends on running): IFF, A N for charm IFF, A N for charm Could be 200GeV (HI comparison running) Could be 200GeV (HI comparison running) Particle correlations over a range of rapidities Particle correlations over a range of rapidities

11. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting11 Long-Term HI Physics Objectives q: fast color triplet q: fast color octet C: slow color octet B: slower color octet QQ: slow color singlet/octet QQ: fast color singlet/octet Photon: colorless Jets and Leading Hadrons Heavy Flavor J/  and Upsilons High pT J/  Hot QCD Medium

12. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting12 How to Upgrade PHENIX? Step #1: Remove the outer PHENIX Central Arms Step #2: Replace Axial Field Magnet with Solenoid (2 Tesla with inner radius = ~70 cm). Step #3: New silicon tracking layers at 40 and 60 cm Step #4: Compact EmCal (Silicon/Tungsten) |  |<1.0 8 cm total depth and preshower layer Step #5: Hadronic Calorimeter Outside Magnet Step #6: Maintain high DAQ bandwidth and triggers Result  PHENIX Reborn

13. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting13 sPHENIX? sPHNX? Preshower 60cm 2T Solenoid EMCAL HCAL Silicon Tracker VTX + 1 layer Silicon Tracker FVTX 1.2 <  < 2.7 8 o <  < 37 o 68cm IP 80cm 145cm A complete redesign of PHENIX focused on the next generation of physics questions at RHIC.

14. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting14 GEANT4 Performance Evaluation  0 E=40 GeV  /  0 separation over full kinematics > 50 GeV Excellent electron-ID for p T > 2 GeV Need detailed study at lower p T as well. Energy Resolution  + E= 5 GeV electrons E= 5 GeV

15. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting15 Jet Reconstruction With tracking, dominated by “fakes” above some p T (e.g. p T > 10 GeV). Thus, low overall efficiency for true high energy jets. Bias in spectra reconstruction when FF is uncertain. Issue largely solved with EMCal + HCal for jet energy! Mike McCumber (Colorado) FastJet (anti-kT)

16. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting16 Forward Physics Objectives Transverse spin phenomena Transverse spin phenomena Kinematics high x f, high rapidity |  > 2 Kinematics high x f, high rapidity |  > 2 Drell-Yan test QCD prediction for Sivers between SIDIS and DY Drell-Yan test QCD prediction for Sivers between SIDIS and DY Separate Sivers and Collins and do a flavor separation for the PDFs Separate Sivers and Collins and do a flavor separation for the PDFs  0 -jet,  – jet, IFF for identified hadrons,  0 -jet,  – jet, IFF for identified hadrons, jet A N, direct photon jet A N, direct photon Longitudinal spin phenomena Longitudinal spin phenomena high rapidity |  > 2  extend x coverage for  G and  q high rapidity |  > 2  extend x coverage for  G and  q Drell-Yan in dAu Drell-Yan in dAu Measure quark distributions in nuclei Measure quark distributions in nuclei Possible access to quark saturation Possible access to quark saturation EIC physics EIC physics Measure polarized and unpolarized inclusive structure functions in ep / eA (F 2, F L, F 3, g 1, g 2, g 5 ) Measure polarized and unpolarized inclusive structure functions in ep / eA (F 2, F L, F 3, g 1, g 2, g 5 ) “Diffractive physics” (DVCS, etc.) “Diffractive physics” (DVCS, etc.)

17. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting17 What is Required? All measurements need increased acceptance in the forward direction (|  |>2) than the current muon arms provide All measurements need increased acceptance in the forward direction (|  |>2) than the current muon arms provide Apart from DY all the measurements require EM calorimetry and PID Apart from DY all the measurements require EM calorimetry and PID DY can be done with muons and/or electrons  so no disadvantage DY can be done with muons and/or electrons  so no disadvantage Hadronic calorimetry required for Transversity+Collins (similar jet reconstruction issues as Central PHENIX) Hadronic calorimetry required for Transversity+Collins (similar jet reconstruction issues as Central PHENIX)

18. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting18 Scenario I: DY at High  MPC 3.1 < |  | < 3.9 2.5 o <  < 5.2 o Muon Arms 1.2 < |  | < 2.4 South: 12 o <  < 37 o North: 10 o <  < 37 o Central Arms |  | < 0.35 60 o <  < 110 o Keep South Muon arm and put  -detectors in the gap between MuTr/MuID. May require dipole magnet before muon piston iron. Upgraded FVTX required to cover acceptance.

19. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting19 Scenario I Pros and Cons Advantage: Advantage: Modest upgrade Modest upgrade Cost if no magnet is needed around ~2-3M$ Cost if no magnet is needed around ~2-3M$ Many technologies available  RPC Many technologies available  RPC If additional magnet is needed modifications become significantly more involved  higher costs ~5M$ If additional magnet is needed modifications become significantly more involved  higher costs ~5M$ Disadvantage: Disadvantage: Very limited physics capabilities Very limited physics capabilities Only possible in south muon arm (no gap in north muon arm) Only possible in south muon arm (no gap in north muon arm)

20. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting20 Scenario II: Full Forward Spectrometer HCAL EM CAL Preshower 60cm 2T Solenoid EMCAL HCAL Silicon Tracker VTX + 1 layer Silicon Tracker FVTX 1.2 <  < 2.7 8 o <  < 37 o 68cm IP 80cm 145cm North Muon Arm

21. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting21 Scenario II: Pros and Cons Advantages: Advantages: Can address all the physics objectives Can address all the physics objectives Will keep the PHENIX spin community interested Will keep the PHENIX spin community interested Will be able to participate in EIC Will be able to participate in EIC EMCal could re-use currently existing PHENIX central arm EMCal EMCal could re-use currently existing PHENIX central arm EMCal new electronics needed ~2M$ new electronics needed ~2M$ HCal could try to re-use an HCal from an other experiment or use the same technology as in central detector ~?M$ HCal could try to re-use an HCal from an other experiment or use the same technology as in central detector ~?M$ RICH RICH COMPASS or LHC-b design ~4M$ COMPASS or LHC-b design ~4M$ Additional Tracking: Additional Tracking: GEM tracker?  less mass than Si-trackers GEM tracker?  less mass than Si-trackers Improve STAR design: Cost ~3M$ Improve STAR design: Cost ~3M$ Total Cost in the order of 12M$ Total Cost in the order of 12M$ Disadvantage: Disadvantage: Relatively high cost Relatively high cost

22. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting22 ep/eA Physics Lets concentrate on 4GeV lepton energy Lets concentrate on 4GeV lepton energy electron beam “replaces” yellow hadron beam electron beam “replaces” yellow hadron beam Proton Energy 50 GeV 100 GeV 250 GeV 4x50 p e : 0-1 GeV p e : 1-2 GeV p e : 2-3 GeV p e : 3-4 GeV e- p/A 180 o 0 o

23. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting23 DIS vs. Diffractive (Hadrons) E.C. Aschenauer PheniX & STAR meet EIC 23 4x100 4x250 4x100 4x50

24. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting24 Diffractive Kinematics (p’) 4 x 100 t=(p 4 -p 2 ) 2 = 2[(m p in.m p out )-(E in E out - p z in p z out )] 4 x 50 4 x 250 ? Diffraction: Roman pots required to detected outgoing proton

25. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting25 Conclusions The future of RHIC will require a bold effort to directly address fundamental questions in QCD: The future of RHIC will require a bold effort to directly address fundamental questions in QCD: Heavy Ions: Heavy Ions: Quantitative study of the QGP Quantitative study of the QGP Spin: Spin: Separation of Sivers and Collins+Transversity Separation of Sivers and Collins+Transversity DY to test modified universality DY to test modified universality ep/eA: ep/eA: Inclusive and diffractive measurements to get us on the road to the full EIC Inclusive and diffractive measurements to get us on the road to the full EIC PHENIX is developing a comprehensive upgrade plan to pursue an exciting, broad physics program over the next decade at RHIC! PHENIX is developing a comprehensive upgrade plan to pursue an exciting, broad physics program over the next decade at RHIC!

26. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting26 BACKUP

27. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting27 FOCAL Acceptance  = 1.2-2.7 (red circle)  = 1.2-2.7 (red circle)  = 0.27  (x 2)  = 0.27  (x 2)  = 1.6-2.7 (blue circle)  = 1.6-2.7 (blue circle)  = 2   = 2  27

28. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting28 NLO pQCD (W. Vogelsang) CTEQ6M5, DSS FF pp @ 200 GeV |  |<1.0 q,g jets Direct  Fragmentation    (assume R AA = 0.2) Counts per 2.5 GeV bin in 50B AuAu Events Jets Photons 00

29. 5/14/2010RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting29 RHIC-II Luminosity Projections RHIC II luminosity and new proposed DAQ upgrades can yield 50 billion AuAu event samples (and with great new detector capabilities). DAQ2010 SuperDAQ (i.e. sDAQ)