1. BELLWORK What was the Great Migration? Who was Marcus Garvey?
What groups in society did the “middle Klan” target? Why?
What is temperance? Why did people support this?
What groups in society supported temperance?
THINKER: If the production and consumption of soda became illegal in the U.S. how do you think people would react? Would you stop drinking it? Explain.

2. Prohibition 18th Amendment passed on January 16, 1920
Made the manufacture, transportation and sale of alcohol illegal.
Goals
Eliminate drunkenness and domestic abuse
Get rid of saloons where prostitution and gambling thrived
Prevent work-related accidents

5. Carrie Nation
One of the biggest supporters of the prohibition movement
Promoted her viewpoint through vandalism
On many occasions, she would enter a place that served alcohol and attack the bar with a hatchet
Described herself as “a bulldog running along at the feet of Jesus, barking at what He doesn't like”

7. Prohibition’s Effectiveness
The new amendment was widely ignored.
It created a bigger contrast between rural and urban areas.

8. The New Criminal Bootlegger: supplier of illegal alcohol.
They would produce their own alcohol or smuggle it into the U.S. through Canada and the Caribbean.

12. Templeton Rye Al Capone’s favorite drink!
Made in Templeton, Iowa during prohibition
Main source of income for farmers/citizens
Extremely popular in Chicago, Omaha, and Kansas City
Capone would send group of men into Templeton cemetery to retrieve the supply of alcohol and return it to Chicago
Hid the supply in the tombstone of my great great grandpa, Bernard Bruggeman
Templeton was a small town of 200, and over 100 were Bruggeman's!

13. Consumption
Bootleggers would secretly supply alcohol to restaurants and nightclubs.
Speakeasies: bars that operated illegally.
Had to have membership to be allowed in these underground bars.

15. “Some speakeasies are disguised behind florists’ shops, or behind undertakers’ coffins. I know one, right in Broadway, which is entered through an imitation telephone-box; it has excellent beer.”
-Paul Morand, 1929

16. Speakeasy Video Clips Some Like it Hot Cities of the Underworld
Start at 1:30
Cities of the Underworld
New York Secret Societies

17. Organized Crime
The complexity of bootlegging, along with high profits, led to the development of organized crime.
Gangsters competed to supply liquor, but clashed with other gangs.
Rival groups fought in the streets with machine guns and shot guns.
The gangs moved into other illegal activities, including gambling and prostitution.
Why do you think the police did not stop this?

18. Crime
Gangsters bribed police and other government officials to ignore their illegal operations.
Gangsters forced local businesses to pay a fee for “protection.”
If anyone refused, their business or home would be blown up.
Terrified citizens and supporters of prohibition were forced to comply with their demands.

19. Homicide Rates

20. Al Capone
Al Capone, nicknamed “Scarface,” was the most famous gangster of Chicago’s organized crime network.
Capone bought the cooperation of police, city officials, politicians, and judges.

23. St. Valentine’s Day Massacre

24. Al Capone
Capone murdered and bribed his way through Chicago for a decade.
He was finally arrested and imprisoned in 1931 for income-tax evasion.

25. “All I ever did was supply a demand that was pretty popular”
- Al Capone

27. “When Prohibition was introduced, I hoped that it would be widely supported by public opinion and the day would soon come when the evil effects of alcohol would be recognized. I have slowly and reluctantly come to believe that this has not been the result. Instead, drinking has generally increased; the speakeasy has replaced the saloon; a vast army of lawbreakers has appeared; many of our best citizens have openly ignored Prohibition; respect for the law has been greatly lessened; and crime has increased to a level never seen before. “
John Rockefeller; 1932

28. The End of Prohibition
Prohibition became more unpopular during the Great Depression.
Congress repealed the 18th Amendment in 1933.
The 21st Amendment declared an end to prohibition.

29. Closure
Why did people support prohibition? Why were people against it?
In your own words, describe a bootlegger and a speakeasy.
How did prohibition lead to an increase in criminal activity?
Who was Al Capone?