1. Respiratory System
The respiratory system is the body system that provides body cells with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide that cells produce as waste.

2. Respiratory System
The respiratory system works with the cardiovascular system. We breathe in air which your blood circulates to all parts of the body
Goal of respiratory system is to deliver oxygen to body and take away carbon dioxide from body
Inspiration = air flowing into lungs (inhaling)
Expiration = air flowing out of lungs (exhaling)

3. Stages of Respiration
Pulmonary ventilation – actual movement of air in and out of lungs
External respiration - gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and lungs
Respiratory gas transport – movement of gases throughout the body via the blood in the cardiovascular system (hemoglobin carries oxygen)
Internal respiration – gases exchange between blood and the cells of the body

4. Breathing Air enters through your nose and mouth when you inhale
Mucus in the nasal passages warms, moistens, and filters the air
Cilia – tiny hairs that protect the nasal passageways filtering out dust and other particles that enter the nose
Mucus is a thick secretion that moistens, lubricates, and protects mucous membranes.
A mucous membrane is a type of tissue that lines body cavities and secretes mucus.

5. Path of Respiration Nose and Mouth Pharynx (throat) Larynx (voice box)
Epiglottis (flap that covers the entrance to the trachea when you swallow, the flap opens when you breathe to allow air to enter trachea)
Trachea (windpipe, tube connects throat to bronchi and lungs)

6. Path of Respiration (continued)
6. Bronchi (trachea splits into 2 smaller tubes leading to lungs) 7. Lungs 8. Bronchioles (bronchi branch into smaller tubes as they enter each lung) 9. Alveoli (microscopic air sacs covered with blood vessels)

9. Alveoli
The walls of the alveoli are so thin that oxygen and carbon dioxide can easily pass through them
Clusters are in direct contact with pulmonary capillaries
Two exchanges take place in the alveoli
Oxygen passes from alveoli into capillaries
Carbon dioxide passes from your capillaries into the alveoli

11. Diaphragm
Sheet of muscles that lies across the bottom of the chest cavity
Separates the chest from the abdomen
Function is to help pump carbon dioxide out of the lungs and pull oxygen into the lungs

12. Diaphragm Muscle Inhaling - Diaphragm contracts when you breathe in
pulling downward and creating more space for your lungs to expand (like a balloon)
Exhaling - Diaphragm relaxes when you breathe out
the space for the lungs is reduced and air is forced out of the lungs

13. Lungs The lungs are covered by a thin tissue layer called the pleura
The PLEURA are the two membranes, that surround each lobe of the lungs and separate the lungs from the chest wall
the lung on the left side of your body is a bit smaller than the lung on the right. This extra space on the left leaves room for your heart.

15. Disease and Disorders Asthma – constriction of airways
Emphysema - damage to air sacs walls causing loss of elasticity
Bronchitis - inflammation of bronchial tubes
COPD – Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - lung disease causing shortness of breath
Lung Cancer -malignant tumors that develop in lung tissue

16. How to Keep your Respiratory System Healthy
Do not smoke
Avoid breathing secondhand smoke
Do not inhale harmful drugs
Avoid breathing polluted air
Exercise regularly
Avoid inhaling harmful chemicals
Seek medical help for respiratory infections