2. Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Volume 1 2.11 Volume 1

3. Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Volume 1 2.12 Definition of Software  Software is a computer program. Types of Software 1. System Software  control the way a computer system runs A. Classified according to the functionality

4. Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Volume 1 2.13 2. Application Software  perform specific tasks B. Classified according to how it is released to the market and its copyright restrictions  Various kinds of software can be downloaded from the Internet

5. Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Volume 1 2.14 Different Types of Software and their Features 1. Packaged Software 2.Shareware3.Freeware 4. Public Domain Software Characteristic packaged on a CD-ROM/ DVD-ROM for sale ‧ used for a limited period of time for free ‧ but intend for sale after the trial period distributed free of charge and the source code is available distributed free of charge and is not copyrighted Type

6. Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Volume 1 2.15 1. Packaged Software 2. Shareware 3. Freeware 4. Public Domain Software Available in Retail Markets Type Downloadable from the Internet Copyright Restrictions Example √ WinzipGnotella Microsoft Windows GNU Emacs √ √ √ √ √ √ (online purchase only)

7. Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Volume 1 2.16 http://download.com/ http://www.completelyfreesoftware.com http://www.freeware4all.com/ http://www.tucows.com

8. Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Volume 1 2.17 Definition of Hardware  Hardware is the physical aspect of computers and related devices. Case Monitor Keyboard Mouse

9. Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Volume 1 2.18  There are different types of hardware: Different Types of Hardware Type FunctionExample (a) InputAccepts user inputKeyboard (b) Processing Processes the inputCPU (c) Output (d) Storage 1. Main Memory 2. Secondary Storage Outputs the processed resultsPrinter Stores programs 1. RAM 2. Floppy disks

10. Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Volume 1 2.19  There are two types of physical connections: Physical Connections of Hardware Serial Connection DefinitionUse a wire or a set of wires to accepts user input Use a multiple set of wires to transfer data blocks simultaneously Features 1. Transmission speed is slow 2. Long-distance connection is allowed 1. Transmission speed is fast 2. Short-distance is allowed ExamplesRS-232, IEEE 1394, USB Centronics, IEEE 1284 Parallel Connection

11. Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Volume 1 2.110 Serial Connection Parallel Connection 1 1 101 0  Pieces of data are sent one after another  Pieces of data are sent at the same time 1011010110 1011010110

12. Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Volume 1 2.111  Software tells hardware how to process data and governs how hardware is executed.  A computer needs to use both the software and the hardware to operate.

13. Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Volume 1 2.112 Software Untouchable Touchable Exists as ideas and concepts in electronic form Has a physical form and size Easily be varied Permanent and invariable Hardware e.g. the game program in a disc e.g. the disc of a game program

14. Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Volume 1 2.113  Program is a set of computer instructions. Basic Ideas of Programs  Data is a form of raw facts and figures and it is processed into information. Basic Ideas of Data

15. Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Volume 1 2.114  Programs are to be executed by a computer. The Relationship between Program & Data  Data is to be processed by programs to produce useful information. Input device Disk CPU Output device Programs executed by computers Process data data Result (information) Update data

16. Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Volume 1 2.115 Try to compare the differences between hardware and software. You can discuss them with your classmates based on the following criteria. 1. function 2. appearance 3. price 4. others

17. Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Volume 1 2.116 Back