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The Southwest and the West
Chapter 2 Lesson 4 Pages
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Objectives Describe how the Pueblo peoples adapted to their environment Identify the lifeways of other peoples of the Southwest and West
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Vocabulary Adapt – to adjust Staple – main Surplus – extra amounts
Adobe – sun-dried bricks made of clay and straw Hogans – Cone-shaped shelters used by the Navajo Trade Networks – ways to get goods not available to them
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The Southwest Desert Mesas, Canyons, Cliffs, and Mountains
Hard place to live Intense heat followed by bitter winters Little rain or snow
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Adapting to the Southwest
Hopi and Zuni were able to adapt Hopi – live in what is today Arizona Zuni – live in what is today New Mexico Lived in pueblos built on mesas or on the sides of steep canyons
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Adapting continued Found ways to grow crops: corn, beans, and squash (their Staples) Found ways to collect water Would store surplus food Also, grew cotton – used to make clothes and weave blankets
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Navajo Not Pueblo, but lived in the Southwest
Moved to the Four Corners about A.D. 1025 Were nomadic – began to settle down Hopi lived with Navajo during a time of drought and taught them how they grew crops
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Pueblo Culture Hopi & Zuni Stones & Mud to build pueblos
Other tribes used adobe bricks to build houses Hopi led by a religious leader Religion played a strong role in their government Chiefs (also a religious leader) made rules & carried out punishments Navajo Homes called hogans: a wooden frame covered in mud or adobe Hogans were miles apart Medicine people led ceremonies Medicine people memorized and sang songs believed to have healing powers Organized in groups that met every few years
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Groups to the West Area among the mountains, deserts, valleys, forests, and coastal lands that stretch from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean Western Area: Plateau Great Basin California cultures
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Ways of Life - Shoshone Great Basin – part of the year
Hunted small animals Shelters – dry brush Other time – hunting Buffalo in the mountains: Wyoming
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Ways of Life – Nez Perce Northwest – Columbia Plateau
Today: Idaho, Oregon, & Washington Food – salmon While fishing they lived in movable shelters
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Ways of Life – Chumash Southern California Birds, Fish, Acorns
Pacific Ocean – important food source Dome-shaped shelters covered with tule (TOO-lee) Tule-tall, flexible plant with a spongy stem missiontour.org
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Trading for Needed Goods
Depended on natural resources Some goods they could not find or make themselves, so they created a TRADE NETWORK Did not travel, but would trade with village nearby, who traded with next village Goods and ideas traveled long distances by this method
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The End
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