1. The Campaign for Woman Suffrage, 1848-1919
Votes for Women
The Campaign for Woman Suffrage,

2. Seneca Falls Convention, 1848
Women’s suffrage movement in U.S. dates from 1848 Women’s Rights Convention held at Seneca Falls, New York
Suffrage movement had its roots in the 19th century reform movements for abolition, temperance, and women’s rights
Conference called by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
300 women and men, including Frederick Douglass, attended the convention

3. Declaration of Sentiments
At the Seneca Falls Convention, Cady Stanton issued the Declaration of Sentiments, which called for:
Legal equality for women
Rights to property and wages
Access to education
Right to Vote

4. Conflict in the Suffrage Movement
Most advocates of Woman Suffrage had been abolitionists, but debate over ratification of 14th and 15th Amendments created divisions
14th Amendment (1868)
placed word “male” in constitution for the first time
equated the rights of citizenship with being male
15th Amendment (1870)
“The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied…on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude.”

5. American Woman Suffrage Association
Founded in 1868
Led by Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell
Accepted men as members and leaders
based in New England
supported 14th and 15th amendments
wanted states to enfranchise women
Advocated a “grass roots” approach to suffrage
accepted partial suffrage
Women’s Journal

6. National Woman Suffrage Association
Founded in 1869
Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
all female leadership
New York based
Opposed 15th Amendment
Wanted a 16th Amendment providing for woman suffrage
Wanted federal government, not state governments to guarantee woman suffrage
Opposed partial suffrage
Top-down strategy—Direct action
Petition Congress
Challenge laws in the courts
Revolution

7. Stanton and Anthony
                         
                        

8. Victories in the Western States
In 1869, Wyoming became the first U.S. territory to allow women to vote
enfranchised women in1890 state constitution
Utah enfranchised women in 1870 to outvote non-Mormon settlers
By 1896, women could vote in Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Idaho

9. National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
Schism in movement healed in 1890 when NWSA and AWSA merged into NAWSA
NAWSA led first by Cady Stanton (until 1892) and then by Anthony (until 1900).
Despite the merger, the suffrage movement stalled around the turn of the century
Still a minority movement

10. “Antis”
Associations opposed to woman suffrage began to appear in the 1890s
“Antis” saw woman suffrage as an attack on traditional sex roles and social organization
Antis made two contradictory arguments against woman suffrage
Asserted that women were virtually represented by their male family members
Therefore, they didn’t need the vote
But also argued that women, if given the vote, would vote against husbands
This would destroy homes and families, and bring social chaos

12. New Leaders and Tactics
Under Carrie Chapman Catt (pres , ) and Anna Howard Shaw (pres ), NAWSA had woman suffrage referenda passed in California in 1910 and three more states in 1912
By 1914, Oregon, Arizona, Kansas, Nevada, and Montana all had granted women the vote

13. Two More Bright Spots on the Map, 1914

14. March on Washington, 1913
                        
Day before Woodrow Wilson’s inauguration NAWSA held a parade down Pennsylvania Ave to raise support for a woman suffrage amendment.
The 5,000 marchers were attacked during as police refused to protect them

17. National Women’s Party
Failure to get a federal amendment caused another split in the movement
Alice Paul led a radical faction out of the NAWSA in 1913
founded the Congressional Union to agitate for the federal amendment.
In 1916, Congressional Union became the the National Women’s Party

18. Alice Paul
                        
Influenced by the British suffragettes such as Emmeline Pankhurst, Paul turned to more radical methods to agitate for a woman suffrage amendment.

19. Picketing the White House, 1917

21. Winning Plan NAWSA opposed to Paul’s tactics
Saw demonstrations and protests as damaging to the movement
Catt developed the Winning Plan, which called for the NAWSA to continue to organize state by state and also work for a federal amendment
In 1917, President Wilson urged Congress to pass a woman suffrage amendment
The “Anthony Amendment” passed the House in 1918, the Senate in 1919, and was ratified by the 36th state, Tennessee, in August 1920.