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Archaeological Terms and Tools By Rebecca Faye Kinley Fraker
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Dig The site (place) being examined.
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Terria A small, curved hoe-like implement used to put dirt in tubs or buckets.
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Guffahs A guffah is a bucket made out of old tires.
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Sifting boxes Sifting boxes have screens of different sizes. They are used to separate the dirt from the beads or bones or other artifacts in the soil or sand.
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Cairn A cairn is a pile of rocks. They are used for memorial sites. Sometimes they are marking a burial site or where a battle was won or a treasure was hidden. Through the years they often get covered by vegetation.
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Recesses A recess is a hidden, indented area in a cliff or cave or some other structure
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Submerged “Submerged” means under the water.
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Aerial Aerial means “up in the air”. An aerial view means one taken from far up, usually from a plane or satellite. Aerial view of San Francisco
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Strata and Stratigraphy The different layers of soil and rock at a site are called strata. The study and science of these layers is called stratigraphy.
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Tell A mound, especially in the Middle East, that is made up of different layers of previous settlements.
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Trench A trench is a ditch. Often archaeologists will cut a trench across a site to get an idea of where would be the best place to dig.
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Trowels A hand instrument that is used for gardening, masonry, and digging in the soil.
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Dental picks Dental tools and small brushes are often used to do detail work.
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Patish A simple instrument like a hammer. One end has a sharp point and the other a broad sharpened edge.
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Useful Websites http://www.nexfind.com/lessons/tools.htm http://www.nexfind.com/lessons/table%20o f%20contents.htmhttp://www.nexfind.com/lessons/table%20o f%20contents.htm http://www.kamalii.k12.hi.us/Kukuipuka/Ar cheology_Tools.htmlhttp://www.kamalii.k12.hi.us/Kukuipuka/Ar cheology_Tools.html
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Remains The remains can be various kinds of artifacts such as stone hammers, stone ornaments and fragments of pottery basin, or features like houses, forts and graves.
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Picks and Mattocks
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