1. Chapter 5
Integumentary System

2. Integumentary System Skin and its appendages
Hair
Nails
Sebaceous glands
Sweat glands
Integumentary means covering
3,000 square inches of surface area

3. Functions of Skin Covering Regulate body temperature
Manufacture Vitamin D
Nerve receptors

4. Functions of Skin Temporary storage Screen out ultraviolet radiation
Special absorptive properties

5. Structure of the Skin Epidermis Dermis Outermost covering Avascular
Connective tissue
Vascular / Receptors

6. Structure of the Skin

7. Epidermal Cells Keratinocytes- gives strength
Merkel cells- sensory touch
Melanocytes- protect against UV
Langerhans cells- part of immune

8. Epidermal Layers (5) Stratum germinativum Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

9. Dermis Thicker, inner layer of the skin Many nerve receptors
Blood vessels and heat regulation

10. Subcutaneous Layer Lies under dermis
Not a true part of the integumentary system
Attaches integumentary system to the surface muscles underneath

11. Different parts of the skin- Hair
Root shaft – part that is showing (pg. 76)
Medulla- Inner part
Hair follicle-embedded
Arrector pili muscle

12. Appendages Nails Hard structures covering Nail bed or matrix
phalanges of the fingers and toes
Nail bed or matrix
Diseases and nail color

13. Appendages Sweat Glands
Perspiration 99% water
Perspiration is excreted through pores
Under the control of the nervous system
500ml water lost per day through skin (.5 gal)

14. Sebaceous Glands Secrete sebum which is thick, oily substance
Sebum lubricates the skin, keeping it soft and pliable

15. Microorganisms
Intact skin is the best way to protect itself against pathogens
Most skin bacteria are associated with hair follicles and sweat glands
Handwashing
Most effective action to prevent spread of disease
20 seconds for washing hands
2-4 minutes for infectious material

16. Aging Becomes more fragile and dry Loss of elasticity
Less effective body temperature control
Melanocytes decrease

17. Disorders Skin Acne vulgaris Athlete’s foot Dermatitis
Common and chronic disorder of sebaceous glands
Athlete’s foot
Contagious fungal infection
Dermatitis
Inflammation of the skin

18. Disorders Skin Eczema Impetigo Psoriasis
Acute or chronic, noncontagious inflammatory skin disease
Impetigo
Acute, inflammatory, and contagious skin disease caused by staph
Psoriasis
Chronic inflammatory skin disease (reddish patches covered by silvery-white scales)

19. Disorders Skin Ringworm Urticaria (hives) Boils (carbuncles)
Highly contagious fungal infection
Urticaria (hives)
Intensely itching wheals or welts
Boils (carbuncles)
Painful, bacterial infection of the hair follicles or sebaceous glands

20. Disorders Skin Rosacea Herpes
Common inflammatory disorder (chronic redness and irritation to the face)
Herpes
Viral infection which is usually seen as a blister

21. Disorders Skin Genital herpes Shingle (herpes zoster)
Virus which may appear as a blister in the genital area
Shingle (herpes zoster)
Skin eruption due to a virus infection of the nerve ending

22. Disorders Hair and Nails
Head lice
Parasitic insects
Ingrown nails
Common nail problem

23. Disorders Hair and Nails
Fungal infections
Infections of the nail
Warts
Viral infections that affect the skin surrounding or underneath the nail

24. Skin Cancer Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma
Skin and sun exposure

25. Burns Rule of nines First degree burns Second degree burns
Body divided into 11 area; each part is 9%
First degree burns
Second degree burns
Third degree burns

26. Skin Lesions Pressure ulcer (decubitus ulcers) Stage I Stage II
Stage III
Stage IV