1. Introduction to Skin Lesions

2. Skin Lesions

3. Skin Skin is an organ of the Integumentary System. Skin is the largest organ in the human body. The skin is the bodies first line of defense to the outside world. When the skin is severely damaged, it repairs itself by scarring.

4. The Layers of the Skin The skin is made of three layers – Epidermis – Dermis – Hypodermis

5. The Epidermis The outermost “Protective Layer” of skin Serves as a waterproof boundary Made mostly of dead and dying cells New cells are added at the bottom, and die towards

6. The Dermis The middle “Working Layer” of skin Contains all the blood vessels, nerve endings, glands, and connective tissue Responsible for the sense of touch, sweat production, oil production, and hair growth

7. The Hypodermis Also known as the “SubCutis” The bottomost “Anchor” layer of skin Holds the upper layers to the rest of the body Responsible for blood vessel growth within the dermis. Serves as a storage area for fat.

8. Skin Lesions: What are they? A skin lesion is a superficial growth or patch of skin that does not resemble the area around it – Primary Skin Lesions - variations in the skin surface that may be present at birth, or develop directly from a disease – Secondary Skin Lesions: develop naturally from a primary lesion, or as a result of external forces (e.g.. scratching or picking the skin surface)

9. Different Types of Lesions Macules and Patch - These Lesions are flat patches and can’t be felt. Papule - Small raised bumps on the skin less than 10mm. Plaque - Raised areas of skin larger than 10mm. Nodules - Raised lesions that extend below the epidermis. Vesicles - Small fluid blisters less than 10mm diameter. Bullae - Fluid filled blisters larger than 10mm. Pustule - Elevated lesions that contain pus. Urticaria - Lesion caused by swelling, known as hives or wheals. Burrow - Linear lesions caused by infestation. Telangiectasias - Small dialated blood vessels near the skin’s surface.

10. Different Types of Lesions Scales - Flakes or plates of compact epidermal cells. Crust - Dried serum, blood, or pus that coagulates on the skin. Erosions and Excoriation - Open patches of skin caused by loss of epidermis. Ulcer - Loss of the epidermis and dermis. Petachiae - Tiny flat spots caused by bleeding through the dermis only. Purpura - Larger areas of bleeding through the dermis and not the epidermis. Scars - Lesion formed during the Healing Process of a wound. Atrophy - The thinning of the skin causing it to appear dry and weak. Fissures - Linear splits in the skin that extend to the dermis. Lichenification – The thickening of the epidermis.

11. Next Couple of Slides Not to Be Viewed By Those With Weak Stomachs or Faint of Heart. Please Leave the Room if Gory Images Make You Nauseous!!!!

12. Different Types of Lesions Macules and Patch Papule Plaque Nodules

13. Different Types of Lesions Vesicles Bullae Pustule Urticaria

14. Different Types of Lesions Burrow Telangiectasias Scales Crust

15. Different Types of Lesions Erosions and Excoriation Ulcer Petachiae Purpura

16. Different Types of Lesions Atrophy Scars Lichenification Fissures

17. Testing Skin Lesions It is very important that any type of lesion is seen and treated by a doctor. Certain lesion could be cancerous or an indication to other life threatening conditions. Many times, if caught early, what ever is causing the lesion can be

18. Diagnosis of Lesions A doctor can use numerous methods to diagnose a skin lesion. Most of the times the test depends on the suspected type of the lesion.

19. Treatment of Skin Lesions The treatment of skin lesions is highly dependent on the type of lesion, the severity of it, the health of the patient, and the disease that caused it. – Many skin lesions (like freckles and scars) don’t need to be treated, and could just be covered up with makeup. – If it is an allergic reaction, avoiding the allergen is usually enough. – Antibiotics work for most infections – Deep infections might require minor surgery to lance and drain – Removal of the lesion is recommended for large lesions. This may be done surgically (tumors), by freezing, or by lasers.

20. The Touch Sensor The touch sensor, is our LEGO version of skin in that it allows us to feel the world around us using our NXT kit.

21. The Touch Sensor The touch sensor is nothing more than a common switch. When it is pressed a signal is allowed to flow and when released the signal is blocked. Because of this it is a very inexpensive sensor and LEGO gives you two.

22. Actions of the Touch Sensor When programming the touch sensor there are three different actions that can be the input to a programmed response Actions of theTouch Sensor

23. Touch Sensor Programming Blocks

24. Wait For Touch Action The wait for touch sensor block is used for delaying the code from continuing until the appropriate touch action occurs.

25. Loop Until Touch Action This icon will repeat what ever code is inside of the loop until the selected touch action occurs. All of the sensor loops represent a form of while loop.

26. Touch Sensor Switch The touch sensor switch will do one line of code or the other depending on which action is performed.