1. Anatomy and Physiology
The Human Body
Anatomy
and
Physiology

2. Anatomy –structure
Physiology –functions

3. Levels of Structural Organization

4. Chemical level
Atoms
Elements
Compounds

5. Chemicals divided into two major
inorganic chemicals
Ex: H2O, 02 and CO2
Organic chemicals
Ex: Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

6. cells are the smallest living subunits of organisms
2. Cellular Level
cells are the smallest living subunits of organisms
many different types of cells
Each made of chemicals and carries out specific chemical reactions.

7. 3. Tissue Level
A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function

8. 4 different groups of tissue

9. 1. Epithelial Covers or lines body surfaces
Examples: outer layer of the skin,
line the various cavities and tubes of the body

10. 2. Connective
Connects and supports parts of the body; some transport or store materials
Supporting
cartilage. Example: the outer ear
bone.
Binding
Tendons connect muscle to bone.
Ligaments connects one bone to another

11. 3. Muscle Specialized for contraction, which bring about movement
3 Types of muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle - contraction provides the force of locomotion and other voluntary body movements.
Smooth muscle lines the walls of the hollow structures of the body, such as the intestine, urinary bladder, uterus, and blood vessels. Its contraction, which is involuntary, reduces the size of these hollow organs.
cardiac muscle – makes up the heart

12. 4. Nerve
Specialized to generate and transmit impulses that regulate body functions
Examples: the brain and optic nerves

13. 4. Organ Level
An organ is a group of two or more different types of tissues that has a specific function
Examples: heart, brain, kidneys, liver, lungs

14. 5. Organ Systems
An organ system is a group of organs that contribute to a particular function.

15. Integumentary System
The skin and structures derived from it, such as hair, nails, and sweat and oil glands.
Protects the body, helps regulate body temperature, pressure and pain.

16. Skeletal System
Made up of bones and ligaments
Supports, protects provides framework

17. Muscular System
Specifically refers to skeletal muscle tissue and tendons
Brings about movement, maintaining posture and produces heat

18. Circulatory System
The heart, blood, and blood vessels
Transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removes waste

19. Lymphatic System
The lymph, lymphatic vessels, and structures containing lymph tissue (spleen and lymph nodes)
Cleans and returns tissue fluid to the blood and destroys pathogens that enter the body

20. Nervous System
The brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs, such as the eye and ear
Interprets sensory information, regulates body functions such as movement by means of impulses

21. Endocrine System
All hormone producing glands and cells such as the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, and pancreas
Regulates body functions by means of hormones

22. Respiratory System
The lungs and a series of passageways, such as the pharynx(throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), and bronchial tubes
Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood

23. Digestive System
Gastrointestinal tract (GI) and organs such as the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and the pancreas
Breaks down and absorbs food for use by cells and eliminates solid and other waste

24. Excretory System (Urinary System)
The kidneys, urinary bladder, and urethra
Remove waste products from the blood and regulates volume and pH of blood

25. Immune System
Consists of several organs, includes the lymph nodes, spleen, blood vessels, bone marrow
as well as white blood cells (WBC)
Provides protection against infection and disease

26. Reproductive System
Ovaries, uterus, mammary glands (woman)
Testes (men)
Produces eggs and sperm
In women, provides a site for the developing embryo-fetus

28. All of the body systems function together to help the body maintain homeostasis.

29. Homeostasis reflects the ability of the body to maintain relative stability and to function normally despite constant changes.
Changes may be external or internal, and the body must respond

30. Homeostasis mechanisms work like a thermostat that is sensitive to temperature and maintains a relative constant room temperature whether the room gets hot or cold.

31. Homeostasis (animation) http://health. howstuffworks. com/adam-200092

32. BODY CAVITIES
Many  organs and organ systems in the human body are housed in compartments called body cavities.
These cavities protect delicate internal organs

33. The human body has 4 main body cavities

34. 1. Cranial cavity- encases the brain.

35. 2. Spinal cavity - extending from the cranial cavity to the base of the spine, surrounds the Spinal Cord

36. 3. Thoracic cavity - The upper compartment, contains the heart, the esophagus, and the organs of the respiratory system - the lungs, trachea, and bronchi.

37. 4. Abdominal cavity - The lower compartment, contains organs of the digestive, reproductive, and excretory systems.

38. The abdominal cavity and the thoracic cavity are separated by a wall of muscle called the diaphragm.