1. Body Systems

2. Nervous System
Carries messages to and from the brain and spinal cord and all other parts of the body
Main Parts:
Central Nervous System:
Brain
Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System:
Consists of all nerves that branch out from central nervous system to muscles, skin, internal organs, and glands

3. Central Nervous System
Brain:
Control center of the body
Weighs about 3 lbs
Can store more information than all libraries in the world
Creates ideas, controls thinking, reasoning, movement, and emotions

4. Brain Stem: Controls functions of internal organs
Cerebrum: controls ability to think, memorize, and learn. Determines personality and intelligence
Cerebellum: controls and coordinates muscle activity. Helps maintain balance
Brain Stem: Controls functions of internal organs

5. Central Nervous System
Spinal Cord:
Thick column of nerve cells that extends from the brain through spinal column.
Carries messages to and from your brain and body

6. Cardiovascular System
Transports nutrients, gases, hormones, and cellular waste products throughout body.
Main Parts:
Blood
Blood Vessels
Heart

7. Blood
Carries nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and cellular waste products to and from cells
Plasma:
Liquid component (95% water)
Red Blood Cell:
Transports oxygen to body cells and removes carbon dioxide
Hemoglobin:
Iron-rich protein that helps transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
White Blood Cell:
Attacks, surrounds, and destroys pathogens
Pathogen:
Germ that causes disease
Platelet:
Particle that helps blood clot

8. Blood Vessels Artery: Vein: Capillary: Carries blood away from heart
Returns blood to heart
Capillary:
Tiny vessel that connects arteries and veins
Have thin walls that allow for transfer of nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and cellular waste to and from blood and body cells

9. Ventricle: lower two chambers
Atrium: upper two chambers
Ventricle: lower two chambers

10. Immune System
Removes harmful organisms from the blood and combats pathogens
Main parts:
Lymph:
Clear liquid that surrounds body cells
Carries harmful pathogens to nodes
Lymph Node:
Structure that filters and destroys pathogens
Spleen:
Organ on left side of abdomen that filters foreign matter from blood and lymph
Lymph vessels
Tonsils
thymus

12. Respiratory System
Provides body cells with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide that cells produce as waste
Main Parts:
Pharynx: throat
Trachea: tube air moves to lungs
Cilia: hair-like structures that remove dust from air
Bronchi: 2 tubes through which air moves to lungs
Lungs: main organs
Bronchioles: smaller tubes divided into alveoli
Alveoli: Tiny air sacs

14. Skeletal System
Serves as a support framework, protects vital organs, works with muscles to produce movement, and produces blood cells
206 bones in adults
Cartilage:
soft, connective tissue on end of some bones
Acts as cushion where bones meet
Ligament:
Tough fibers that connect bones together
Joint:
point where 2 bones meet

16. Muscular System
Consists of muscles that provide motion and maintain posture
More than 600 in body
Types:
Voluntary (can control)
Involuntary (without thought)
Muscle Tissue Types:
Smooth (internal organs)
Skeletal (attached to bone)
Cardiac (in heart)
Tendon: Attaches muscles to bone

18. Endocrine System
Consists of glands that control many of the body’s activities by producing hormones
Hormone:
Chemical messenger that is released directly into bloodstream

20. Digestive System
Breaks down food into nutrients that can be used by the body
Main Parts:
Mouth (break food into small pieces)
Esophagus (connects mouth to stomach)
Stomach (releases acid and juices that mix with food and make chyme)
Small Intestine (greatest amount of digestion and absorption)
Liver (releases bile to break down fats, maintain blood sugar level, and filter waste
Pancreas (produces digestive enzymes and insulin)
Large Intestine (undigested food prepared for elimination)

22. Urinary System
Removes liquid waste from the body and maintains body’s water balance
Main organs:
Kidneys (filters blood and excretes waste and excess water in urine)
Ureters (connects kidneys to bladder)
Bladder (muscular sac that stores urine)
Urethra (connects bladder to outside of body)

24. Integumentary System Covers and protects the body Main parts: Skin
Glands associated with skin, hair, and nails