1. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 2014-2015 FALL SEMESTER ASSOC.PROF.DR. İBRAHİM YİTMEN CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

2. CONSTRUCTION Engineering and construction are a unique combination of specific need and specific design in a process that yields an engineered work. Civilizations are built by construction efforts. 2 CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

3. CONSTRUCTION Civil Engineers 3 Military Engineers CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

4. STRUCTURE OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY Building Construction Facilities commonly built for habitational, institutional, educational, light industrial (e.g. warehousing), commercial, social and recreational purposes. Heavy Construction Highway construction, sewage plants, utility projects, dams, pipelines, airports and waterways. Industrial Construction Manufacturing and production units. In some cases, specialty firms perform both design and construction under a single contract for the owner/client. 4 CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

5. SKYSCRAPERS 5 CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

6. AIRPORTS Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport, Phoenix, AZ 6 CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

7. HIGHWAYS Dwight D. Eisenhower Interstate Highway System (1956) 7 CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

8. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 8 CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

9. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 1920’s industrial buildings were being constructed with skeleton framing and curtain walls 9 CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

10. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS Concrete building systems have also been developed. cast-in-place precast 10 CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

11. 11 WHAT IS A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT? A construction project consists of a series of tasks that have the following characteristics: Specific start and end dates; Defined scope and objectives; Budget and schedule; Unique and non-repetitive (particular mega projects); Consumes resources (e.g. money, materials, people (manpower), equipment (machines) and time (minutes). CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

12. PROJECT MANAGEMENT 12 Project Management is the overall planning, control and coordination of a project from inception to completion aimed at meeting the client’s requirements and ensuring completion on time, within cost and to the required quality standards. CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

13. 13 PROJECT MANAGEMENT Schedule Quality Budget Project Management CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

14. 14 ELEMENTS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

15. 15 PLANNING Set objectives Survey resources  Form strategy CONTROLLING Measure achievements against goals Report  Resolve problems EXECUTING Allocating resources  Guide execution  Co-ordinate effort  Motivate staff    MANAGERIAL CYCLE CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

16. PLANNING a)The first task of planning is to establish the objectives to be achieved in a project. The following is a list of possible objectives: successful completion of a project; this means on time within budget in compliance with contract documents and specifications. improved productivity improved or new construction technology improved public relations improved/changed company image 16 CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

17. PLANNING (CONTINUED) b.Once the objectives are established, a plan must be developed aimed at meeting these objectives.  There are many methods and techniques for the planning and scheduling in use: Bar chart Network (CPM) Line of balance  And there are also many package programmes such as Microsoft Project, Primavera etc. 17 CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

18. EXECUTING Allocating resources: After the plan is developed, necessary resources have to be provided and allocated to this plan. Allocation of resources to a plan is another important function of management.  Let us review these resources briefly (5 M’s): Minute (Time) Money (Cost) Manpower: managers, staff, labourers Materials: should be supplied on time in sufficient quantities and quality, in compliance with specifications. Machinery: plant, equipment 18 CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

19. EXECUTING (CONTINUED) It is the allocation of resources that makes a construction plan into a construction schedule and that gets the work to be executed and completed according to the plan. Once the resources are brought to the site, then guide execution, co­ordinate effort, and motivating the staff become key to successful completion of the plan. 19 CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

20. CONTROLING A project control system has to be established to achieve: Time control Cost control Quality control Safety control Good management enables to run the construction operations successfully and it also enables management to detect deviations from the original plan. Reports Resolve problems 20 CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

21. Initiating Processes Closing Processes Executing Processes Planning Processes Controlling Processes 21 CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

22. PARTIES TO THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT a.Client (owner) b.The users c.The designers d.The executers e.Public authorities and agencies 22 CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

23. a.Client The word is used for the organisation which needs the end product and has the authority (and the money) to order and approve it. Individual Organisation Government b.The users They are the people who must operate and maintain the facilities which have been provided. 23 CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT PARTIES TO THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

24. c. The designers These are the architects and specialists responsible for translating the client's requirements into reality. The designing team is composed of: Architects, Structural engineers in the design of the structure, Draughtsmen to produce working drawings from the sketches, Electrical engineers in the design of power and lighting supplies Civil engineers in the design of access roads, earthworks, etc. Quantity surveyors in the preparation of estimates and tender documents. 24 CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT PARTIES TO THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

25. d.The executors These are the people who undertake the physical construction, who in many cases will be private contractors. e.Public authorities and agencies All buildings must fulfil statutory requirements regarding construction permissions, standards and safety. 25 CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT PARTIES TO THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

26. STAGES AND ASPECTS OF CONSTRUCTION A construction project includes five stages from the time when the decision is made to implement the construction project until the project becomes a reality. The stages of a construction project are: i.Briefing ii.Designing iii.Tendering iv.Constructing v.Commissioning 26 CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

27. a)Purpose: To enable the client to specify project functions and permissible costs. b) Activities: i. Set up a work plan and appoint designers and specialists ii. Consider user requirements, locations and site conditions, planning, designing, estimated costs, quality requirements. iii. Ensure the preparation of: Sketches at scale of 1/10, 1/1000, 1/3500 Cost estimates and implications A plan for implementation 27 Briefing Stage CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

28. c) Participants: Architect, Civil Engineer, Structural Engineer, Electrical Engineer, Mechanical Engineer. The link between them is often provided by a project management team created for the duration of the project. The team is normally headed by a project manager, who is responsible to the client for the execution of the project. 28 Briefing Stage (continued) CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

29. a) Purpose: To complete the project brief and determine the design, methods of construction and estimate costs. To prepare the necessary production information, including working drawings and specifications and to complete all arrangements for obtaining tenders. 29 Designing Stage CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

30. b) Activities: Activities at this stage include: i. Finalizing project, ii. Investigating technical problems, iii. Obtaining the clients final approval, iv. Preparing: A scheme design including cost estimates, A detail design, Working drawings, specifications and schedules, Bill of quantities, A final cost estimate, Preliminary production programme, including time-schedule. 30 Designing Stage (continued) CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

31. c) Participants: Depending on the nature and the complexity of the project, the design team should include the following: Project manager, Architect (buildings), Quantity surveyor, Civil, structural, mechanical and electrical engineers, Some specialists such as health and safety officials, organisational planners etc. User representative. 31 Designing Stage (continued) CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

32. a) Purpose: To find the proper contractor to undertake the site construction works. b) Activities: Call for tendering (newspaper, TV) Establish a committee to adjust the tender As a project manager, you will provide all data to the client and let select the contractor. 32 Tendering Stage CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

33. c) Participants: In the case of government projects, the project management team may be expected to give technical support by: i. Providing the necessary contract documents, ii. Providing a basis for pre-qualification of tenderers, iii. Checking that the tenders are arithmetically correct and conform to tender requirements. 33 Tendering Stage (continued) CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

34. a) Purpose: To construct the structure within agreed limits of cost and time and to specified quality. b) Activities: To plan, co-ordinate and control site operations. Production planning includes the formulation of: i.Time-schedules, ii.Site organisation, iii.A manpower plan, iv.A plant and equipment plan, v.A material delivery plan. 34 Construction Stage CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

35. Site operations include: All temporary and permanent construction works and the supply of all built-in furniture and equipment. The co-ordination of subcontractors. c) Participants: Site engineers Workers Normally, direct responsibility rests with the contractor. The project manager and his team must arrange for adequate supervision of the work to ensure requirements. 35 Construction Stage (continued) CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

36. a) Purpose: To ensure that the building (structure) has been completed as specified in the contract documents, and that all the facilities work properly. To provide a record of the actual construction, its cost, together with operating instructions. To train staff in the use of the facilities provided. b) Records: During construction, difficulties may arise which result in changes to the original design. Records of these changes will be kept during construction, mainly for financial reasons. 36 Commissioning Stage CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

37. c) Activities: Prepare “as-built" records, Inspect the construction thoroughly and have defects remedied, Start up, test and adjust all services, Prepare operating instructions and maintenance manuals, Train staff, The commissioning stage is the transition period between the construction and the occupation and use of the building (structure). d) Participants: Project management team, Operating staff. 37 Commissioning Stage (continued) CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT