1. 8th Grade Science Introduction to Physical Science
Chapter 1
8th Grade Science
Introduction to Physical Science

2. What is Physical Science?
Physical science is the study of ______, ______ and the ______ they undergo.
_______ - anything that takes up _______ and has _____
________ - is the ability to do _____ or cause ________.
Physical science is divided into two main areas: __________ and __________.
Matter
energy
changes
Matter
space
mass
Energy
work
change
chemistry
physica

3. Chemistry
Chemistry is the study of the ______________ and how ________
In chemistry we will learn about : `
_____________________
___________________________________
properties of matter
matter changes
Particles that make up matter
Why different forms of matter have different properties
Changes that occur in matter – physical and chemical

4. Physics
Physics is the study of _______ and _______ and how they interact.
in physics we will learn about:
________
__________________________
______________
__________________
matter
energy
Motion
forces
The relationship between motion and forces
Forms of energy
Laws that govern energy

5. Scientist Skills
Scientist s use the skills of ________, _______, and _______ to lean more about the natural world.
________ - using one or more senses to gather information.
_________________ - are descriptions that don’t involve numbers or measurements
_________________ - measurements including ______ and _______ = DATA or EVIDENCE
observing
inferring
predicting
observing
Qualitative observations
Quantitative observations
height
weight

6. Inferring / Predicting
_______ - based on _______ from what you already know.
________ - when you explain or interpret your observations
_______ are not always correct.
_________ - a ________of what will happen in the future based on past ________ or __________.
______ - not based on any data
Inferring
reasoning
Inferences
Inferences
Prediction
forecast
experience
evidence
Guess

7. Scientific Inquiry
___________ - different ways that scientists use to study the natural world.
Ongoing process of _______ in science
First step in scientific inquiry is ___________!!!!
Other habits of mind include:
_______- reporting observations truthfully
______________ - accepting new and different ideas
_________ - doubtful about information presented with out evidence
________-coming up with new ways to solve problems
Scientific Inquiry
discovery
CURIOUSITY
Honesty
Open-mindedness
skepticism
creativity

8. Process of Inquiry
The process that scientists use to solve problems include:
________________
_________________
______________________
_______________
_______________________
Posing a Question
Developing a hypothesis
Designing an experiment
Collecting and interpreting data
Drawing conclusions
Communicating ideas and results

9. Posing a Question
Scientific Inquiry cannot answer questions based on _________, _________, or _________!!!!!
Scientific questions can be answered by ______________, ___________, and __________________
Is running a better sport than swimming?
Does running make your muscles stronger than swimming? Scientific Inquiry based question!!!
Which brand of running shoes looks best?
opinions
values
judgments
Making observations
Collecting data
Providing supporting evidence

10. Developing a Hypothesis
Scientific Inquiry moves forward when ______ can be _________.
__________ - possible ________ to a scientific question or an __________ for a set of _________.
Hypothesis is NOT a _____ - one possible way to answer a question
Hypothesis must be _________ by _________ or ___________!!!!
Many ________ are needed before a hypothesis can be accepted as true
ideas
tested
hypothesis
answer
explanation
observations
fact
TESTABLE
OBSERVATION
EXPERIMENT
trials

11. Designing an Experiment / Variables
_______ - factors that can change in an experiment
In a well designed experiment only ONE variable is PURPOSELY changed!!!!
________________ or _______________ - the variable that is CHANGED!!!
________________ or _______________ - the variable that is expected to change because of the manipulated variable.
variables
Manipulated Variable
Independent Variable
Responding Variable
Dependent Variable

12. Controlled Variables / Experiment
To be sure that changes in the _____________ are causing the changes in the ______________, scientists ONLY change ONE variable at a time.
ALL other variables are kept ________ = _______
_______________ - an experiment in which ALL variables except ONE are kept constant
Manipulated Variable
Responding Variable
Controlled
Constant
Controlled Experiment

13. Analyze the Data - page 13 (1-5)

14. Collecting Data
_______ - the facts, figures, and other evidence gathered through observations
_________ - an organized way to collect and record observations
___________ = qualitative or quantitative
________ = qualitative or quantitative
Qualitative data – recorded in a _______ or _____
data
Data table
observations
data
journal
Log

15. Quantitative Data / Interpreting data
Scientists make it easier to _______ quantitative data by using the same system of measurement called the __________________ - meters, grams, liter, celcius
Skills Handbook – Page 778
After data is collected it must be _________ or _______ - graphs reveal ______ or _______
share
International System of Units (SI)
interpreted
explained
trends
patterns

16. Conclusions / Communicating
After scientists _________ their data, they draw a _______ about their _______.
__________ - states whether or not the ______ support the __________
____________ - sharing ideas and conclusions with others through _________ or ________
Others can ______ the experiment to check the ______
interpret
conclusion
hypothesis
conclusion
data
hypothesis
Communicating
speaking
writing
repeat
results

17. Scientific Method Objective--purpose Hypothesis--educated guess
Test--experiment
Data--information
Conclusion--answer
Theory--general explanation
Law—proven theory

18. Scientific Inquiry

19. Scientific Models / Laws
______________ - a picture, diagram, computer image, or other representation of an ________ or _______.
Scientific models are used when it is impossible to observe certain objects or scientific process due to size and/or distance
___________ - statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of ________ - “A RULE OF NATURE”
Scientific model
object
process
Scientific laws
conditions

20. Laws versus Theories ______ - has been verified over and over again
_________ pattern in nature without trying to _________ it.
___________ - a well tested ___________ for a wide range of ___________ or _______________.
__________ - only when there is a large body of evidence to support it
_______________ - future evidence does not support it
laws
observed
explain
Scientific Theory
explanation
Experimental results
observations
accepted
Modified or discarded

21. Law of Gravity vs. Atomic Theory

22. Science Lab Safety
Lab Safety Contract

23. Technology vs. Science
__________ - a way of _______ the natural world to meet human needs to solve a problem.
_________ - study of the natural world in order to ________ it.
__________ - someone who is trained to use both technological and scientific knowledge to solve a practical problems.
technology
changing
science
understand
Engineer

24. Technology Design Process
Engineers follow a _______________ - a set of steps – to solve a problem.
___________-clearly define problem
_______________ - gather information
____________ - best design meets the needs with fewest negative characteristics
____________________ - working model
___________________ - analyze a design
__________________ - share accomplishments
Technology Design Process
Identify a need
Research the problem
Design a solution
Build and evaluate a prototype
Trouble shoot and redesign
Communicate the solution

25. Technology Design Process Vocab.
____________ - process in which a group of members freely suggest any creative solutions that come to mind
_________ - a factor that limits or restricts a design
________ - exchange in which one benefit is given up in order to obtain another.
________ - a working model used to test a design
Brainstorming
Constraint
Trade-off
Prototype

26. Technology Systems – page 26
_________ - made of parts that work together
Technological systems include:
______ - purpose
________ - something that is put into the system to achieve the goal
________ - a sequence of actions that the system undergoes
________ - result or product
________ - information a system uses to monitor the input, process, and output so that the system can adjust itself to meet the goal
Systems
goal
input
Process
output
feedback

27. Technology and Society
Evaluate one technological advance from the Stone Age through today. Include both positive and negative effects of the advance. Analyze risk versus benefits.
One page essay – Four paragraphs
1 – introduction
2 – Positive effects / benefits to society
3 – Negative effects / risks to society
4 – Conclusion –Are we better off?