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Published byRoxanne Hodges Modified over 9 years ago
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H-> Chapter 10 Page 180 A-> Chapter 12 Page 286
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If you unwrap all the DNA you have in all your cells, you could reach the moon! 6000 times!!!
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Primary Function = to store and transmit the genetic information that tells cells which proteins to make and when to make them.
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an ORGANIC compound made up of repeating subunits called NUCLEOTIDES composed of TWO long chains of nucleotides
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3 PARTS: 1.Sugar Molecule – deoxyribose 2.Phosphate Group – phosphorous(P) and oxygen (O) 3.Nitrogen Base – adenine(A), cytosine(C), guanine(G), and thymine(T)
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Diagram of a Nucleotide
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1. Adenine2. Guanine Purines have two rings And come in two types: Nitrogen bases come in two types:
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2. Thymine 1. Cytosine Pyrimidines have ONE ring And come in two types: Nitrogen bases come in two types:
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Complimentary Base Pairing Describes the pairing behavior of the bases. TWO rules: 1. Cytosine bonds with Guanine 2. Adenine bonds with Thymine
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In 1953, JAMES WATSON & FRANCIS CRICK suggested a model for the structure of DNA. Two nucleotide strands wrap around each other to form a double spiral (spiral staircase) The Double Helix
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Image of the Double Helix
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= The process of copying DNA. Overall: Two nucleotide chains separate and serve as TEMPLATE for a new nucleotide chain.
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1. Helicase enzymes untwist and unzip the DNA helix. (A replication fork is now formed.) 2. DNA primase enzyme adds a primer to each side of the open strand.
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3. DNA polymerase adds the new nucleotides one at a time. 4. Lastly, DNA ligase enzyme “glues” nucleotides together on the lagging strand.
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***You are left with 2 exactly identical strands of DNA double helix.*** Original strands of DNA Original OONN New
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