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Chordates and Fish
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What is a chordate? Members of the KINGDOM ANIMALIA
and the PHYLUM CHORDATA They have a dorsal, hollow nerve cord and a notocord
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Chordates have pharyngeal pouches (become gills)
Tail - extends beyond anus Most chordates are vertebrates (SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA)
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Chordates that are NOT vertebrates: Sea Squirts or Tunicates
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Lancelet
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Chordate Anatomy
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All vertebrates are chordates.................
Consider this.... All vertebrates are chordates But not all chordates are vertebrates. NO WAY!!!!
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What is a vertebrate? -Animals with a backbone (and endoskeleton)
-Have spinal cord (dorsal, hollow nerve cord) -Front end of spinal cord develops a brain
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1. Members of the Phylum __________ have a dorsal hollow nerve cord.
Quick Check 1. Members of the Phylum __________ have a dorsal hollow nerve cord. 2. During development, the pharyngeal pouches will become ___________ 3. All chordates belong to the animal kingdom. (T or F ) 4. All chordates are vertebrates. (T or F ) 5. You are more closely related to a sea squirt than to an earthworm. 5. What are two animals that are chordates, but not vertebrates? 6. An animal with a backbone is called a _________.
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Crash Course in Chordates - 12 minutes
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Vertebrate Classes Jawless Fish (lamprey, hagfish)
Cartilage Fish (sharks, rays…) Bony Fish (salmon, catfish, goldfish…) Amphibians (frogs, salamanders…) Reptiles (lizards, turtles…) Birds (sparrows, hawks…) Mammals (humans, whales, cats..)
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What are Fish? * Anything with gills, scales, and fins…
1st Fish were jawless Devonian Period - "Age of Fishes“ Fossil of a devonian fish with jaws and armored plates Stethacanthus Tribute Video
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Form & Function 1. Circulation
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Fish have a two chambered heart – blood is passed over the gills where it picks up oxygen
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2. Respiration Water passes over GILLS, oxygen is added
Some fish have gill covers – OPERCULUM Some fish have special organs to serve as lungs (Lungfish)
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3. Excretion Homeostasis: maintaining water balance
Salt water fish tend to lose water Freshwater fish tend to gain water *This is why you can’t put a salt water fish in a fresh water tank *The salmon can do both
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4. The Nervous System Response - Cerebrum - thinking, voluntary activities - Cerebellum - coordination - Medulla Oblongata - functions of internal organs - Lateral Line System - senses vibrations
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1. Fish have _____________________ loop circulation.
Quick Check over Form and Function 1. Fish have _____________________ loop circulation. Mammals and birds have ____________________ loop circulation. 2. The two chambers of the fish heart are the _______________ and ______________ 3. Blood leaves the heart goes to the gills and then to the ____________ before it returns to the heart. 4. The covering of the gills is the _________________________ 5. __________________________ is the maintaining of a water balance. 6. The part of the brain used for thinking and learning is the ______________________ 7. The part of the brain used for balancing is the ______________________ 8. The _________________ ___________ system senses vibrations. 9. Early fish did not have _________________________ What fish alive today are like that? _________________ and _______________
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Other Fish Adaptations
A. Swim Bladder – maintains buoyancy (like a balloon) Sharks do not have a swim bladder, if they stop swimming, they sink.
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B. FINS
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C. SCALES Scales cover and protect the fish
Mucus on scales help fish swim The rings on a scale tell the fish’s age
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5. Reproduction Spawning – fish lay eggs that are fertilized externally Some fish bear live young This 1 minute video shows a lemon shark give birth to live young. Some sharks lay eggs.
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Types of Reproduction Oviparous (lays eggs)
Ovoviviparous (eggs stay in mom) Viviparous (babies get nourishment from mom. Ex. Humans, cats, some fish)
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Salmon Video at National Geographic
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