1. Describing population density Some tips – Name continents with lots of people – Name continents with very few people – Name/state where lots of people are clustered together – Say where people are spread out

2. Population pyramid for Chad Narrow top Wide base Few old people Lots of babies being born You may be asked to annotate the population pyramid

3. Factors which influence the size of a countries population Factors which increase the population Factors which decrease the population Migration –people move from their countries for a better life War – people may die during fighting More babes being bornOutwards migration – people leave due poor living conditions Better healthcare – people live longer Poor healthcare – more people die Stable government which protects its people Unstable government which protects its people Fair criminal justice systemUnfair criminal justice system

4. The problems of overpopulation Overpopulation means too many people living in a country/the world for the resources to help them live Problems: – Food & water shortages – Poor air quality – Oil & gas run out – Pollution in oceans, rivers, land – Overcrowding – Increase of crime

5. China: a country having to many babies Name of policy: One-Child Policy Why was the policy needed? – In the 1960s Chairman Mao realised that the population was increasing very quickly and that the country was not producing enough food – The policy stated that people in China can only have one child – If they had more then one child families could be fined or sent to prison

6. China: a country having to many babies 2000s: One Child Policy – Updated so that people in rural areas can have two children and those in urban areas can only have one child – Encouragement of people to adopt children who had been abandoned previously by their parents

7. France: a country having too few babies Country: France Government initiatives: – Offering a £1000 cash for every baby born – A Renault car for families that had four children – Reduction in mortgage interest rates – house owners paid less money – Flexible working hours for both parents – Free childcare & nursery places for the first two years

8. Describing the location of place/country You should always use compass directions when describing the location of place For example: – Nottingham is to the east of Derby – The UK is west of Germany

9. Corals reefs Threats (How are they being damaged?) Management (How are they being protected?) Dynamite fishingEducation Nets get caught on the reefTraining Anchors from the boats smash the coral New laws to protect the reef Rising sea-levelsStopping mining Extreme weather Setting up reserves/Marine parks Mining of coralReducing pollution PollutionManage population growth

10. Midway: Rubbish Midway is near the middle of the Pacific near Hawaii Floating patch of doom: A large floating mass of rubbish spreading across the Pacific Ocean The birds are eating the plastic and dying The plastic comes from the USA an China and is carried on ocean current to Midway

11. Tuvalu/Carteret Islands: Sea-level rise Problems caused by sea-level rise – Poisoned drinking water – Any good farming land has been built on – Soil too salty to grow crops – Houses and businesses flooded as the land is low- lying

12. Easter Island The island was home to the Rapa Nui and their large statues The islanders cut down all the trees to build canoes and to help move the statues The animals and plants which the islanders lived on soon became extinct