1. CHAPTER 9

2. 9-1

3.  A. Rose around 2800 B.C. on Crete (island in Mediterranean)  B. Grew wheat, barley, grapes, & olives  C. Became good carpenters & metalworkers which helped build ships  1. made them slimmer (to go faster)  2. used 2/3 masts instead of one  3. put a deck over the rowers’ heads (protection)  4. put a wooden beam in front of the ship to plow into enemy ships

4.  A. Long dark hair & bronzed skin  B. Clothes  1. men  Striped loincloths  Long robes embroidered with flowers  Trousers that bag at the knees  2. women  Full skirts  Short-sleeved jackets that laced in front  *all wore tight belts to show off their small waists  * wore jewelry – gold & silver earrings, necklaces, bracelets, & rings

5.  C. Hobbies  1. men  Farmed & fished  Raised cattle, long-horned sheep, & goats  Served in the navy & royal guard  2. women  Performed household duties  Attended sporting events  Hunted in chariots  3. all  Loved sports  Built the world’s first arena (open air)  About 500 people could fit in arena (king had his own box seats)

6.  D. Arena sports  1. boxing matches  2. bull leaping (bullfighting)  A young man & woman fought the bull together  Man would grab the horns  When the bull raised its head, the man would do a somersault & land on the bull’s back  Woman stood behind the bull & would catch the man as he did another flip off the bull  *considered a religious event as well as a sport

7.  A. City design  1. middle of city stood a palace  2. were NOT surrounded by walls (surrounded by the sea)  B. Largest city was Knossos  1. 28 acres  2. 1/5 of area was taken up by a 5-story palace that served as a government building, temple, factory, & warehouse

8.  C. Palace  1. built of stone & sun-dried brick  2. inside walls were covered with frescoes (watercolor paintings made on damp plaster)  3. had bathrooms with bathtubs & flushable toilets  4. had hot and cold running water & portable fireboxes to heat rooms  5. had several entrances that formed a labyrinth (network of paths that make it difficult to find the way out)  6. called the House of the Double Ax (because labyrinth means double ax)

10.  D. Sea captains, merchants & shipbuilders lived in houses around the palace  E. Next lived artisans  F. Houses were built side by side around courtyards & stood 2-stories tall  G. Each house had their own drains and wells  H. Entrance to houses were through the roof  1. they lowered a ladder into the opening  2. wooden doors made of parchment (thin animal skin) were added later

11.  A. Rulers of Crete were priest-kings  1. made laws  2. climb Mt. Juktas to get signs from heaven  B. Many gods  1. main god was Great Goddess – mother earth  2. she made plants grow & gave children  3. Minoans built shrines (sacred places to worship)  4. usually on hilltops because it was closer to heaven

12.  C. Sacred goods  1. left offerings to the gods – human hair, fruit, flowers, jewels, & gold  2. lily was sacred flower  3. double ax was sacred symbol – power of Mother Earth  4. dove was sacred animal – flew to heavens

13.  A. About 1400 BC the Minoan civilization fell into the hands of the Mycenaeans.  B. Explained in the story of Theseus & the Minotaur  Greek prince, Theseus, was brought to Knossos  Was supposed to be sacrificed to the Minotaur (huge monster held in the labyrinth)  Minotaur had the body of a human and the head of a bull  Theseus killed the Minotaur with a magical sword  When the Minotaur died, so did the Minoan civilization