1. 12 Arranging the Elements C H 12 T HE P ERIODIC T ABLE

2. D ISCOVERING A P ATTERN  Dmitri Mendeleev discovered a __________ to the elements in _____.  First he wrote the ________________________ of the elements on cards.  Then he arranged his cards in order of increasing _______. A pattern appeared!  __________- happening at regular intervals, like days of the week.

3. E LEMENTS WITH SIMILAR PROPERTIES OCCURRED IN A REPEATING PATTERN. A deck of cards can be divided into __________. Each suit can be ordered from ace to king.

4. D ISCOVERING A P ATTERN  Mendeleev predicted that elements yet to be found would _______________in his table.  He was right! Missing element ____ into his gap.

5. C HANGING THE A RRANGEMENT  Some elements did not fit in the table by increasing atomic mass – so Mendeleev _________________.  1914 Henry Moseley determined the number of _________in an element. When the periodic table was arranged by increasing _______________, all elements fit the table.  ____________-Repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the elements’ atomic numbers.

6. T HE P ERIODIC T ABLE AND C LASSES OF E LEMENTS  Metals – found to the _____ of the zigzag line  Few __________ in the outer energy level  All ________ at room temp. except Mercury (Hg)  _________  ______ conductors

7. METALS

8. T HE P ERIODIC T ABLE AND C LASSES OF E LEMENTS  Nonmetals - found to the _____ of the zigzag line  almost a complete outer energy level (Group 18 is complete)  more than half are _______ at room temp.  not ____________  not __________  not _______  not good conductors (good ________________)

9. T HE P ERIODIC T ABLE AND C LASSES OF E LEMENTS  Metalloids – found _____ the zigzag  outer energy level is ____ full  have some properties of _______  have some properties of ___________  sometimes called ______________________

10. D ECODING THE P ERIODIC T ABLE  Each square on the periodic table includes:  ______________  _____________

11. D ECODING THE P ERIODIC T ABLE  Period- Each ____________ row of elements  Group- Each _______________of elements.  Elements in the same group have ___________ properties.

12. 5.2 G ROUPING THE E LEMENTS  Group 1 – _______________  Elements in group 1 of the periodic table  One __________________(electron in the highest occupied energy level)  ___________because they can easily give away the 1 electron  Often stored in _____ because they react violently with water and oxygen  _____, ______ color, shiny and low density

13. G ROUP 1 - A LKALI M ETALS

14. G ROUP 2 – A LKALINE E ARTH M ETALS  Group 2 – ________________________  Elements in group 2 of the periodic table  ____ valence electrons  ______ less reactive than alkali metals because it’s harder to give away 2 electrons  _____ color, higher density

15. G ROUP 2 – A LKALINE E ARTH M ETALS Chlorophyll contains Mg; oyster shell, pearl, and cast contain calcium

16. G ROUP 3-12 – T RANSITION M ETALS  Group 3-12 – _______________  Do not give away __________ as easily as group 1 or 2  _________valence electrons  _____, ____________, higher densities and melting points (except Hg)  Some transition metals from periods _______appear below the table to save space. Elements in each row tend to have similar properties  Lanthanides-  Actinides- ___________, or __________. Elements listed after plutonium do not occur naturally.

17. G ROUP 13 B ORON G ROUP  Group 13 ____________  ___ metals, ___ metalloid  ___ valence electrons  ______ at room temp.  ____ is most abundant metal in Earth’s crust  reactive

18. G ROUP 13 B ORON G ROUP Flasks made from glass contain ______. This type of glass does not ______ as easily as glass without boron.

19. G ROUP 14 C ARBON G ROUP  Group 14 - ___________________  ___ valence electrons  _________ at room temp.  _______ is needed in body for carbs, fats, and protein.

20. G ROUP 14 C ARBON G ROUP Clay used to make this pottery contains ___________.

21. G ROUP 15 N ITROGEN G ROUP  Group 15 __________________  ___ electrons in outer energy level  most are solids at room temp. except ___  __ is 80% of the air we breathe, fertilizer

22. G ROUP 15 N ITROGEN G ROUP Fertilizers contain ________ and ___________.

23. G ROUP 16 O XYGEN G ROUP  Group 16 _________________  ___ valence electrons  ______________  __ is 20% air and needed for substances to _____

24. G ROUP 16 O XYGEN G ROUP ______ is often found in nature in its elemental form. (Smells like rotten eggs.)

25. G ROUP 17 H ALOGENS  Group 17 _____________  __ valence electrons  very ___________  _______________  poor conductors

26. G ROUP 17 H ALOGENS Iron in steel wool reacts violently with __________.

27. G ROUP 18 N OBLE G ASES  Group 18 _____________  All _____________  ___ valence electrons  ________________  ___________, __________ gases at room temp.

28. G ROUP 18 N OBLE G ASES Electric current passed through noble gases produces colors: He = ____ Ne = ______ Ar = _________ Kr = _______ Xe = ______

29. H YDROGEN  Hydrogen  ____ valence electron  _______,colorless, __________,  __________ reactions w/ oxygen