1. Chapter 13 Advanced GUIs and Graphics

2. Chapter Objectives Learn about applets Explore the class Graphics Learn about the class Font Explore the class Color

3. Chapter Objectives Learn to use additional Layout managers Become familiar with more GUI components Learn how to create menu-based programs Explore how to handle key and mouse events

4. Inheritance Hierarchy of GUI Classes

5. Constructors and Methods of the class Component

8. Constructors and Methods of the class Container

9. Applets Applet: a Java program that is embedded within a Web page and executed by a Web browser Create an applet by extending the class JApplet class JApplet contained in package javax.swing

10. Members of class JApplet

12. Applets No main method Methods init, start, and paint guaranteed to be invoked in sequence To develop an applet –Override any/all of the methods above

13. Applet Methods init Method –Initializes variables –Gets data from user –Places various GUI components paint Method –Performs output

14. Skeleton of a Java Applet import java.awt.Graphics; import javax.swing.JApplet; public class WelcomeApplet extends JApplet { }

15. Applet Displaying Welcome Message //Welcome Applet import java.awt.Graphics; import javax.swing.JApplet; public class WelcomeApplet extends JApplet { public void paint(Graphics g) { super.paint(g); //Line 1 g.drawString(“Welcome to Java Programming”, 30, 30); //Lineƒ2 }

16. HTML to Run Applet

17. class Font Shows text in different fonts Contained in package java.awt Available fonts –Serif/SanSerif –Monospaced –Dialog/DialogInput Arguments for constructor –String specifying the Font face name –int value specifying Font style –int value specifying Font size Expressed in points (72 points = 1 inch)

18. Constructors and Methods of the class Font

19. class Color Shows text in different colors Changes background color of component Contained in package java.awt

20. Constructors of the class Color

21. Methods of the class Color

23. Constants Defined in the class Color

24. class Graphics Provides methods for drawing items such as lines, ovals, and rectangles on the screen Contains methods to set the properties of graphic elements including clipping area, fonts, and colors Contained in the package java.awt

25. Constructors and Methods of the class Graphics

26. Constructors and Methods for the class Graphics

29. Differences Between Applets and GUI Applications Applets –Derived from JApplet –No main method –Uses init method –Displayed by HTML –Sets title in HTML –Size set in HTML –Applet closes when HTML doc closes GUI applications –class extends JFrame –Invokes main method –Uses constructors –Uses method setVisible –Uses setTitle method –Uses method setSize –Closes with Exit button

30. Converting a GUI Application to an Applet Change JFrame to JApplet Change constructor to method init Remove method calls such as setVisible, setTitle, setSize Remove the method main If applicable, remove Exit button/all code associated with it (e.g. action listener)

31. Additional GUI Components JTextArea JCheckBox JRadioButton JComboBox JList

32. JTextArea Can collect multiple lines of input from user Can display multiple lines of output Pressing Enter key separates lines of text Each line ends with newline character ‘\n’ Derived from class JTextComponent

33. Constructors and Methods of class JTextArea

34. Methods Inherited by class JTextArea from Parent class JTextComponent

35. JTextArea Example

36. JCheckBox User selects from predefined values Example of a toggle button Clicking JCheckBox generates item event Use interface ItemListener and its abstract method itemStateChanged to handle event

37. Constructors and Methods of class JCheckBox

40. JRadioButton Created same way as check boxes Placed in content pane of applet Forces user to select only one radion button at a time You create a button group to group radio buttons Generates an ItemEvent interface ItemListener and method itemStateChanged used to handle events

41. Constructors and Methods of class JRadioButton

44. JComboBox Commonly known as a drop-down list Used to select an item from a list of possibilities Generates an ItemEvent Event monitored by ItemListener ItemListener invokes method itemStateChanged

45. Constructors of class JComboBox

46. Applet with JCheckBox, JComboBox, and JRadioButton

47. Constructors of class JList

48. Methods of class JList

49. Layout Managers FlowLayout –Default layout manager –Places components from left to right until no more items can be placed –Can align each line left, center, or right –Default alignment: LEFT GridLayout –Similar to FlowLayout –All rows (columns) have same number of components –All components have the same size

50. Layout Managers BorderLayout –Items placed into one of 5 specific regions NORTH/SOUTH EAST/WEST CENTER –NORTH and SOUTH components extend horizontally (completely span one edge to the other) –EAST and WEST components extend vertically between components in NORTH and SOUTH regions –CENTER component expands to occupy any unused regions

51. Menus Allow for various functions without cluttering GUI with too many components Can be attached to objects such as JFrame and JApplet (setJMenuBar method) To set a menu bar –private JMenuBar menuMB = new JMenuBar(); –setJMenuBar(menuMB); Add menus to menu bar; add menu items to menu Order of menus added = Order of appearance

52. Key and Mouse Events

53. Chapter Summary Creating Applets class Font class Graphics class Color Differences Between Applet and GUI Application Converting GUI Application to Applet

54. Chapter Summary GUI Components –JTextArea –JCheckBox –JRadioButton Layout Managers Menus Key and Mouse Events