1. COBOL Programming DAY 2

2. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 2 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0  Data Movement verbs.  Sequence Control verbs.  Types of conditions.  REDEFINES, RENAMES, USAGE clauses.  Design and development of sample programs. Agenda for Day2

3. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 3 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 The MOVE copies data from the source identifier or literal to one or more destination identifiers. The source and destination identifiers can be group or elementary data items. When the destination item is alphanumeric or alphabetic (PIC X or A) data is copied into the destination area from left to right with space filling or truncation on the right. When data is MOVEd into an item the contents of the item are completely replaced. If the source data is too small to fill the destination item entirely the remaining area is zero or space filled. MOVE VERB

4. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 4 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 MOVE verb…

5. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 5 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 (1) MOVE (2) MOVE... CORRESPONDING ( CORR ) (3) MOVE... OF... TO... OF DATA movement verbs…

6. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 6 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Before WS00-OUT1 ‘BEST’ WS00-OUT2 1234 Before WS00-OUT1 ‘ ’ WS00-OUT2 0 Before WS00-OUT3 0786 After WS00-OUT3 2345 Before WS00-OUT4 ‘PAYAL PAREKH’ After WS00-OUT4 ‘SHUTI DEY’

7. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 7 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 MOVE to a numeric item When the destination item is numeric, or edited numeric, then data is aligned along the decimal point with zero filling or truncation as necessary. When the decimal point is not explicitly specified in either the source or destination items, the item is treated as if it had an assumed decimal point immediately after its rightmost character.

8. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 8 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Before WS00-OUT1 0000 WS00-OUT2 000000 Before WS00-OUT1 3456 WS00-OUT2 345678 Before WS00-OUT3 000000 After WS00-OUT3 123456 Before WS00-OUT4 00000000 After WS00-OUT4 12345678

9. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 9 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 MOVE.. example **************************** WS00-OUT1 : HARAYANA WS00-OUT2 : HARAYANA **************************** Output SPOOL

10. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 10 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Is used to change the default type movement of alphabetic and alphanumeric data. Example 01 NAME PIC X(10) JUSTIFIED RIGHT. MOVE “KAJOL” TO NAME. Contents of NAME field is bbbbbKAJOL JUSTIFIED RIGHT clause

11. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 11 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 JUSTIFIED RIGHT clause.. example ********************************************* WS00-OUT1 : ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ WS00-OUT2 : ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ ********************************************* Output SPOOL

12. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 12 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Facilitates movement of value of sub-item of a group item to a similar named sub-item of another group item Syntax MOVE { CORRESPONDING, CORR } identifier-1 TO identifier-2 where identifier-1 and identifier-2 are group items. MOVE CORRESPONDING

13. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 13 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 MOVE CORRESPONDING.. example **************************** WS00-GR2 : NISHANT 00000 **************************** Output SPOOL

14. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 14 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Facilitates the movement of a particular field of a record to a particular field of another record. (in other words it facilitates movement of value of a individual/group item of one group item to an individual/group item of another group item). Example: MOVE NAME OF STUD-REC TO WS-NAME OF WS-STUD-REC. MOVE... OF... TO... OF

15. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 15 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Certain combinations of sending and receiving data types are not permitted. AlphabeticAlphanu meric Edited Alphan umeric NumericNumeric non integer Edited numeric AlphabeticYYYNNN AlphanumericYYYYYY Edited Alphanumeric YYYNNN NumericNYYYYY Numeric non integer NNNYYY Edited numeric NYYYYY Receiving field Sending field LEGAL MOVES

16. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 16 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 GOTO IF... THEN... PERFORM EVALUATE STOP RUN SEQUENCE CONTROL verbs

17. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 17 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Syntax-1 GO TO Paragraph Name. Example GO TO 400-READ-PARA. GO TO Verb

18. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 18 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Syntax-2 GO TO paragraph-name-1 [paragraph-name-2 ]... DEPENDING ON identifier. Example GO TO 500-INSERT-PARA, 600-UPDATE-PARA, 700-DELETE-PARA DEPENDING ON TRANS-CODE. GO TO... DEPENDING ON...

19. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 19 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Syntax-1 IF condition [ THEN ] {statement-1, NEXT SENTENCE} [ELSE {statement-2, NEXT SENTENCE}] [ END-IF ]. Examples (1)IF MARKS >= 80 THEN MOVE ‘A’ TO GRADE ELSE MOVE ‘B’ TO GRADE END-IF. (2) IF NOT OK-BALANCE THEN MOVE 2 TO BALANCE-CODE ELSE NEXT-SENTENCE END-IF IF statement

20. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 20 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Syntax-2 ( Nested IF ) IF condition-1 [ THEN ] statement-1 ELSE IF condition-2 [ THEN ] statement-2 ELSE statement-3 END-IF END-IF. Example IF ( Var1 < 10 ) THEN DISPLAY “Zero” ELSE IF Var2 = 14 THEN DISPLAY “First” ELSE DISPLAY “Second” END-IF END-IF. IF statement

21. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 21 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Example IF TIME 1 THEN MOVE “SLOW” TO SPEED END-IF. Is equivalent to IF TIME 1 THEN MOVE “SLOW” TO SPEED. Note: The following statement is invalid. IF TOT-1 OR TOT-2 = 7 THEN DISPLAY “ The Sum is 7.”. IF statement - Implied Operands

22. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 22 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Relational condition Sign condition Class condition Compound condition Condition-name Classification of Conditions

23. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 23 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Relational condition

24. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 24 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Syntax Example IF DISCRIMINANT IS NEGATIVE THEN DISPLAY “The roots are imaginary”. Sign condition

25. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 25 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Syntax Example IF REGNO IS NOT NUMERIC THEN DISPLAY “Records will not be sorted”. Class condition

26. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 26 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Syntax Condition-1 { AND, OR } Condition-2 Examples (1) IF PERCENT > 80 AND TOTAL > 480 THEN MOVE ‘A’ TO GRADE. (2) IF ROW-NUMBER > 24 OR COLUMN > 80 THEN DISPLAY “Page Error ! “. Compound Condition

27. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 27 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Are essentially boolean variables. Are always associated with data names called condition variables. Is defined in the DATA DIVISION with level number 88. Syntax 88 condition-name {VALUE IS, VALUES ARE } literal-1 [ { THRU, THROUGH } literal-2 ]. Condition Names

28. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 28 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 01 MARITAL STATUS PIC 9. 88 SINGLEVALUE IS ZERO. 88 MARRIEDVALUE IS 1. 88 WIDOWED VALUE IS 2. 88 DIVORCED VALUE IS 3. 88 ONCE-MARRIED VALUES ARE 1, 2, 3. 88 VALID-STATUS VALUES ARE 0 THRU 3. PROCEDURE DIVISION Statements. IF SINGLE SUBTRACT 125 FROM DEDUCTIONS. IF ONCE-MARRIED ADD 300 TO SPECIAL-PAY. IF MARRIED PERFORM B000-MARRIAGE-GIFT. Condition Variable Condition Names Condition-Names.. example

29. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 29 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Condition Names are defined using the special level number 88 in the DATA DIVISION of a COBOL program. They are defined immediately after the definition of the data item with which they are associated with. We can use Condition Names for a group as well as an elementary item. A condition name takes the value TRUE or FALSE depending on the value of the data item with which it is associated. The VALUE clause of the associated data item is used to identify the values which make the Condition Name TRUE. Defining Condition Names.

30. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 30 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Before WS00-MARKS 000 WS00-DISP After WS00-MARKS 050 WS00-DISP NOT CLEARED COMPRE Before WS00-MARKS 000 WS00-DISP After WS00-MARKS 081 WS00-DISP PASSED COMPRE JCL 000100 //ER4857C JOB,,NOTIFY=&SYSUID,CLASS=B 000500 //STEP1 EXEC PGM=COND88 000700 //STEPLIB DD DSN=OPERN.CICS3.LOADLIB,DISP=SHR 000800 //SYSIN DD * 000900 050 001000 081 001100 /*

31. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 31 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Break

32. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 32 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Iteration constructs are used when we need to repeat the same instructions over and over again in our programs. Other programming languages have a variety of iteration / looping constructs (e.g. WHILE, FOR, REPEAT). Each of these in turn facilitate the creation of different ‘types’ of iteration structure. In COBOL we have ‘PERFORM’ verb which is used to create these looping constructs. The PERFORM has several variations each of which simulates different looping constructs of other programming languages. The PERFORM Verb

33. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 33 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Paragraphs - Revisited A PARAGRAPH comprises of one or more sentences. The paragraph-name indicates the start of a paragraph. The next paragraph or section name or the end of the program text terminates the paragraph. Paragraph names are either user defined or language enforced. They are followed by a full stop. –B0000-PERF-PARA. –PROGRAM-ID.

34. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 34 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 P0000-PROCESS-RECORD. DISPLAY StudentRecord READ StudentFile AT END MOVE HIGH-VALUES TO StudentRecord END-READ. D0000-PRODUCE-OUTPUT. DISPLAY “Here is a message”. NOTE Scope of P0000-PROCESS-RECORD is delimited by the occurrence the paragraph name D0000-PRODUCE-OUTPUT.NOTE Paragraph Example

35. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 35 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Simple PERFORM In-line PERFORM Nested PERFORM PERFORM... THRU PERFORM... UNTIL PERFORM... TIMES PERFORM... VARYING PERFORM Verb - variations

36. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 36 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Syntax PERFORM Paragraph-Name. Example PERFORM 500-PROCESS-PARA. This is not iterative but instructs the computer to execute the chunk of code inside the mentioned paragraph before reverting back to the sentence following the PERFORM coded. PERFORM Verb - Simple PERFORM

37. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 37 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 PERFORM Verb – Simple PERFORM example **************************************** WE ARE INSIDE B000-LAST-PARA WE ARE INSIDE B001-FIRST-PARA WE ARE INSIDE B002-MIDDLE-PARA **************************************** Output SPOOL

38. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 38 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Syntax PERFORM imperative-statements. Example PERFORM MOVE NUM-1 TO MAX IF NUM-2 > MAX THEN MOVE NUM-2 TO MAX DISPLAY “Maximum is ” MAX. END-PERFORM Lets see an example.. PERFORM Verb - In-line PERFORM

39. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 39 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 INLINE PERFORM PROGRAM

40. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 40 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 JCL FOR THE INLINE PERFORM PROGRAM

41. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 41 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 When SYSIN data satisfies the condition WS-STRING = ‘KARINA’ the scope of the INLINE PERFORM gets terminated

42. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 42 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Syntax Paragraph-Name-1. PERFORM Paragraph-Name-2........... Paragraph-Name-2. PERFORM Paragraph-Name-3........... Paragraph-Name-3. MOVE A TO B........... PERFORM Verb – Nested PERFORM

43. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 43 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 PERFORM Verb – Nested PERFORM **************************************** WE ARE INSIDE B000-LAST-PARA WE ARE INSIDE B001-FIRST-PARA WE ARE INSIDE B002-MIDDLE-PARA **************************************** Output SPOOL

44. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 44 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Syntax PERFORM Paragraph-Name-1 [ { THRU, THROUGH } Paragraph-Name-2 ]. Example PERFORM 300-READ-PARA THRU 600-UPDATE-PARA. PERFORM Verb – PERFORM … THRU …

45. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 45 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 PERFORM … THRU … - example **************************** WE ARE INSIDE B000-DISP-PARA WE ARE INSIDE B001-DISP-PARA WE ARE INSIDE B002-DISP-PARA **************************** Output SPOOL

46. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 46 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Syntax PERFORM Paragraph-Name-1 [ { THRU, THROUGH } Paragraph-Name-2 ] UNTIL condition. Example PERFORM 300-READ-PARA UNTIL EOF = ‘N’. PERFORM Verb – PERFORM.. UNTIL..

47. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 47 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Syntax PERFORM Paragraph-Name-1 [ { THRU, THROUGH } Paragraph-Name-2 ] [WITH TEST {BEFORE, AFTER}] UNTIL condition. Example PERFORM 300-PROCESS-PARA WITH TEST AFTER UNTIL VALUE NOT = 0. PERFORM Verb – PERFORM.. UNTIL.. WITH TEST AFTER OPTION

48. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 48 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 This format is used where the WHILE or REPEAT constructs are used in other languages. If the WITH TEST BEFORE phrase is used the PERFORM behaves like a WHILE loop and the condition is tested before the loop body is entered. If the WITH TEST AFTER phrase is used the PERFORM behaves like a REPEAT loop and the condition is tested after the loop body is entered. The WITH TEST BEFORE phrase is the default and so is rarely explicitly stated. PERFORM.. UNTIL.. WITH TEST AFTER OPTION

49. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 49 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 PERFORM Verb – PERFORM.. UNTIL.. WITH TEST BEFORE **************************** Output SPOOL

50. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 50 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 PERFORM Verb – PERFORM.. UNTIL.. WITH TEST AFTER **************************** WE ARE INSIDE B000-PERF-PARA **************************** Output SPOOL 10 Times!! Why?

51. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 51 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Syntax PERFORM Paragraph-Name-1 [ { THRU, THROUGH } Paragraph-Name-2 ] { integer, identifier } TIMES. Example PERFORM 500-PROCESS-PARA THRU 800-END-PARA 8 TIMES. PERFORM Verb – PERFORM.. TIMES

52. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 52 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 PERFORM Verb – PERFORM.. TIMES …… Example **************************** HELLO GUEST. WELCOME TO E&R TRAINING **************************** Output SPOOL

53. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 53 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Syntax PERFORM Paragraph-Name-1 [ { THRU, THROUGH } Paragraph-Name-2 ] VARYING identifier-1 FROM {identifier-2, integer-1} BY { identifier-3, integer-2 } UNTIL condition. Example PERFORM 500-WRITE-PARA VARYING I FROM 1 BY 1 UNTIL I > 5. PERFORM Verb - PERFORM... VARYING

54. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 54 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 PERFORM Verb - PERFORM... VARYING **************************** HELLO GUEST. WISH YOU ALL THE BEST **************************** Output SPOOL

55. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 55 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Is used to transfer the control back to the statement following the “PERFORM statement” from within a paragraph invoked by the PERFORM statement. Syntax EXIT. Note: It is recommended to avoid using EXIT similar to GO TO since it is against the idea of structured programming. EXIT statement

56. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 56 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 The EVALUATE verb provides a very powerful construct to carry out DATA validation. It is similar to the SWITCH statement in C programs. It assists us in implementing decision table logic. Syntax EVALUATE subject-1 [ ALSO subject-2 ]... { { WHEN object-1 [ ALSO object-2 ]... }... } imperative-statement-1 }... Where subject = { identifier, expression, TRUE, FALSE } and object = { condition, TRUE, FALSE }. EVALUATE Verb

57. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 57 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 The Evaluate

58. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 58 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 EVALUATE Verb.. example There are two valid ranges which the logic checks for – 1) Marks > 79 2) Marks > 64 & <= 79 ************************************* YOU HAVE CLEARED EXAM WITH A GRADE ************************************* Output SPOOL

59. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 59 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Syntax:STOP RUN. Instructs the computer to terminate the program. Closes all the files that were opened for file operations. The STOP RUN is usually the last statement in the main paragraph. STOP RUN statement

60. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 60 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Facilitates two or more data-names to point to the same memory location Syntax data-name-1 REDEFINES data-name-2. Example 01 STUD-DETAILS. 05 STUD-NAME. 10 FIRST-NAME PIC A(15). 10 MIDDLE-NAME PIC A(10). 10 LAST-NAME PIC A(10). 05 NAME REDEFINES STUD-NAME. REDEFINES Clause

61. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 61 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Rules governing REDEFINES clause Multiple REDEFINES is allowed for a data-item. REDEFINES clause must not be used for 01 level in FILE SECTION. Must not be used for data-items defined in level numbers 66 and 88. The REDEFINING item should not have an OCCURS clause. Any change in REDEFINED item reflects on the value of the REDEFINING item and vice-versa. REDEFINES Clause

62. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 62 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 REDEFINES CLAUSE … example ************************************ YEAR FOR ENTERED DATE IS : 2005 MONTH FOR ENTERED DATE IS : 01 DAY FOR ENTERED DATE IS : 01 ************************************ Output SPOOL WS00-YEAR2 redefines WS00-YEAR1. It is the same 8 bytes of information which WS00-YEAR2 provides in the Year, Month & Day format in it’s sub-items. Any change in WS00-YEAR1 changes value of WS00-YEAR2 and vice-versa.

63. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 63 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Facilitates re-grouping of elementary data items in a record. After the renames enforcement the elementary items would belong to the original (renamed) group item as well as the new (renaming) group item. Syntax 66 data-name-1 RENAMES data-name-2 THRU data-name-3. Rules to be followed while using RENAMES RENAMES must be used after the description of the fields required. Must be coded only with level number 66. Data-names 2 and 3 should not have level numbers 01 and OCCURS Clause. The elementary items getting renamed should be contiguous. RENAMES Clause

64. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 64 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Example 01 STUD-DETAILS. 05 REG-NO PIC 9(5). 05 S-F-NAMEPIC X(15). 05 S-M-NAMEPIC X(12). 05 S-L-NAMEPIC X(8). 66 STUD-NAME RENAMES S-F-NAME THRU S-L-NAME. RENAMES Clause

65. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 65 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 RENAMES clause.. example ********************************* WS-REN VALUE IS : 341234 ********************************* Output SPOOL WS-REN would be picking up the value of the sub-items from WS-IN12 to WS-22 (spreading across WS-IN1 & WS-IN2 values). Note that WS-IN11 is left out.

66. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 66 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Is used to specify the internal form in which the data is to be stored. Every variable will have an attached usage clause (even if not declared by the programmer). Syntax USAGE IS {DISPLAY, COMPUTATIONAL, COMP} [ - {1, 2, 3}]. USAGE Clause

67. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 67 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 USAGE is DISPLAY –Each character of the data is represented in one byte USAGE IS COMPUTATIONAL –The data item is represented as pure binary USAGE IS COMP-1 –The data item is represented as a single precision floating point number (similar to real or float). USAGE IS COMP-2 –The data item is represented internally as Double precision floating number (similar to Long or Double). USAGE IS COMP-3 –In decimal form but 1 digit takes half a byte (nibble). The sign is stored as right most half a byte character. USAGE Clause

68. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 68 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Rules to followed while using USAGE clause Usage clause cannot be used with data items declared with 66 or 88 levels. Usage clause when declared for a group item, ensures that all the sub-items of the group item default to the same USAGE clause as the group item’s. USAGE Clause

69. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 69 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 USAGE Clause.. example B0001-POPULATE-FIELDS. MOVE 99999 TO WS00-COMP-FORM MOVE 99999 TO WS00-COMP1-FORM MOVE 99999 TO WS00-COMP2-FORM MOVE 99999 TO WS00-COMP3-FORM B0002-DISPLAY-FIELDS. DISPLAY '******************************************' DISPLAY '* COMP DISPLAY IS : ' WS00-COMP-FORM DISPLAY '* COMP1 DISPLAY IS : ' WS00-COMP1-FORM DISPLAY '* COMP2 DISPLAY IS : ' WS00-COMP2-FORM DISPLAY '* COMP3 DISPLAY IS : ' WS00-COMP3-FORM DISPLAY '******************************************' ****************************************** * COMP DISPLAY IS : 99999 * COMP1 DISPLAY IS :.99999000E 05 * COMP2 DISPLAY IS :.99999000000000000E 05 * COMP3 DISPLAY IS : 99999 ****************************************** Output SPOOL

70. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 70 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0  Data Movement verbs. (MOVE)  Sequence Control verbs (IF,PERFORM,EVALUATE)  Types of conditions.  REDEFINES, RENAMES, USAGE clauses Review

71. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 71 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 What is wrong with the following code (1) IF A EQUALS B MOVE 1 TO A END –IF This should be ; IF A IS EQUAL TO B Review questions

72. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 72 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 How many times will the paragraph named 100-PARA be executed by the following PERFORM STATEMENT PERFORM 100-PARA VARYING X FROM 1 BY 1 UNTIL X=10 PERFORM 100-PARA VARYING X FROM 1 BY 1 UNTIL X > 10 PERFORM 100-PARA VARYING X FROM 0 BY 1 UNTIL X=10 9 TIMES 10 TIMES Review questions..

73. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 73 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 State true or false –The justified clause can be used for any data type –The redefines clause can be used to redefine only elementary items –The data item at the level 49 will always have a picture clause –In a move statement, though the sending field is one, the receiving fields may be more than one. False True Review questions

74. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 74 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Summary Data Movement verbs. Sequence Control verbs. Types of conditions. REDEFINES, RENAMES, USAGE clauses. Design and development of sample programs

75. Copyright © 2005, Infosys Technologies Ltd 75 ER/CORP/CRS/LA01/003 Version 1.0 Thank You!