1. The Desert Blooms as a Rose Immigration, Settlement and Expansion

2. Arrival in Salt Lake City Read introduction p. 100 “A Great Gathering” Nineteenth century __________________ visited people throughout America and other countries _____ ______________ them to come to the Great Basin. _________________ wanted the converts to help build the “kingdom” and to strengthen the Utah settlements against the ___________________ they experienced in NY, OH, MO, IL. He also needed their ____________________. “Perpetual Emigrating Fund” Young wanted a way to bring more of Europe’s _____ to Utah. To help them he formed the

3. _________________________ in 1849. It was built by donations of money, oxen and food. and was used to pay the expenses of transporting converts from ________________________ to Utah. “Handcarts to Zion” Church leaders implemented a ___________________ to bring people to Utah at a low cost. The first group to leave Iowa was the _____________ ___________, which played music as they moved westward. Most handcart companies made the trip successfully, but the _________________________ left late in the year and got stuck in the mountains of Wyoming. ______ of the ________ members died. It was the worst disaster of the entire Mormon trek. Despite it, people still traveled to Utah.

4. “Down and Back Wagon Trails” Brigham Young devised another way to help converts come to Utah. Young men called “_______________” were spent on special missions to pick up immigrants in Iowa and other places and bring them to Utah. The young ____________________ not only avoided summer farmwork, but spent an exciting life on the plains. They were also able to meet young ________ _________ first before any Utah suitors had a chance. “Great Salt Lake City” Within a few weeks of arriving, pioneers had set up a place to make bricks and cut timber and constructed a _______________ to enclose the rustic log cabins they were building. Movement to present-day ________________ began the same year. During the following years people

5. moved to other places in Northern Utah, including ______________. “Features of Utah Settlements” Latter-Day Saints wanted to settle in towns so that they could meet together often for religious instruction and recreation, and so that they could work together on ___________________ and farm projects. Utah settlements included: 1) Streets laid out in a grid pattern. 2) Very wide main and side streets. 3) Extremely large ________________, 4) Public buildings and parks called ___________________. 5) _______________ beyond the city center. The lives of people in the Mormon settlements were unique. the leaders of the church were also the leaders of the ____________________. The people

6. were divided into “___________” according to where they lived. “______________” were groups of wards. Each ward and each stake had leaders who were in charge of ________________ and religious matters. The leader of each ward was called a ____________ and the leader of a stake was called a ____________ ______________. Land was given according to the needs of each ____________, and any extra food was to be given to the bishop. Bishops gave food to the ___________ and to new _________________ who hadn’t had time to grow their own food. Not wanting anyone to be idle, _________________ often provided jobs for the new immigrants. Mormon towns were built for different reasons than towns of other western regions. Some were temporary ______________________ for new converts from California and others for ____________

7. _______________, such as trading posts. Some colonies were established to serve as the centers for _________________________. These cities included present-day St. George, Cedar City, and ___________________. Some colonies were begun as missions for Native Americans, such as _________________________. Permanent colonies were established to provide homes and farms for the thousands of new ________ ______________ that arrived each year. _________ _____________ tried to visit as many new communities as he could. “Called to Settle a New Place” When Brigham Young wanted to establish a new community, he often “_____________” the people to go. The people didn’t have to go but usually did.

8. Others went to settlements where friends, family or others from the same country were already living. Many LDS made their own choice of where to settle and ___________________________________. The people were often chosen by the _____________ ____________ so the new community could provide all the things it needed. “Expanding Across the Land” During the first decade some 100 settlements were established from the Bear River Valley in ___________ to ___________________ and __________________. Major settlements such as ________________, Manti, and Tooele became hub communities around which were located other small villages.

9. _______________________ was the leader of the earliest pioneer group to settle in ________________ in Northern Utah. At first the people thought that Cache Valley had too short of a growing season to raise wheat and other crops, but in 1859 _______________________ sent several hundred families there and the area became “______________________________.” On the trail leading to the Salt Lake Valley, _________ ___________ soon became ________________ after _________ was discovered nearby. On May 10, 1869, the “________________________” took place at _________________________, Utah. In New York LDS agents negotiated prices with transportation companies to send new ____________ all the way to Utah. Settlers now saved ___________ of travel time.

10. “Railroad and Mining Towns” The coming of the railroad opened the region to more Catholics, Protestants, and ________________. The train city of _________________ became the “Gentile Capital of Utah.” It was a place to get away from the ____________________ and the restrictions they were unwilling to accept. They could avoid the Mormons’ city rules and their ____________________ (where Mormons all shopped at each others’ businesses). The citizens of Corinne hoped the new city would be chosen as the ________________________ for new north and south railroad tracks, which would bring new _____________________. It was a bitter disappointment when _____________ triumphed over Corinne for this distinction. Corinne became a small farming community.

11. __________________ also grew after the railroad came. _________ could be shipped to other places by train, making mining more profitable. As a result, multi-ethnic, multi-national, and _________________ communities developed in the heart of Mormon country. These groups of people established several important mining towns, including Alta, Bingham, and __________________. The towns elected their own leaders, and for the first time Utah had towns that were run by people who were ___________________ ___________________. The town of _____________ in the mountains east of Salt Lake City, was Utah’s first non-Mormon town. “1880s and 1890s– More Immigrants” Most immigrants came to Utah to get better jobs and more ____________ than they had in Europe. Others came for _____________ reasons.

12. “Hawaiians Come to Utah” Hawaiian converts came for the first time in the 1870s as a result of ________________________ efforts. ___________________ came to Tooele (a gathering place) in later years. They farmed, raised animals and ______________. The community was called ___________, or “Joseph after Joseph F. Smith, their beloved missionary and friend. Some of the islanders eventually moved to SLC because the desert climate and culture were ____________________ from their island homes; many returned to Hawaii. “End of the Gathering “ The last officially organized Mormon company set sail in 1913.