1. Copyright 1988-2006 1 Digital Privacy Roger Clarke, Xamax Consultancy, Canberra Board Member, Australian Privacy Foundation Visiting Professor, Unis. of Hong Kong, U.N.S.W., ANU http://www.anu.edu.au/Roger.Clarke/......../DV/DigPriv-0611 {.html,.ppt} ACMA Information Communications Entertainment Conference, Canberra, 23-24 November 2006

2. Copyright 1988-2006 2 What is Privacy ? The interest that individuals have in sustaining a 'personal space', free from interference by other people and organisations Dimensions of Privacy The Physical Person Personal Behaviour Personal Communications Personal Data

3. Copyright 1988-2006 3 Privacy is a Fundamental Human Right UDHR 1948 (Art. 12) ICCPR 1966 (Art. 17) Euro Convention on Human Rights (Art. 8) Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (Arts. 7 and 8) National Constitutions and Bills of Rights Privacy is not an Optional Extra Privacy is not a Mere Economic Right

4. Copyright 1988-2006 4 Why is Privacy ? Physical Needs Psychological Needs Social / Sociological Needs Economic Needs Political Needs The Philosophical Level

5. Copyright 1988-2006 5 Privacy Protection Privacy can conflict with other interests: personal conflict of interests interests of another person interests of a group or community interests of an organisation interests of society as a whole Privacy Protection is a process of finding appropriate balances between privacy and multiple competing interests

6. Copyright 1988-2006 6 The Elements of Effective Solutions Legal Frameworks Constructive Dialogues Codes Ongoing Consultative Processes Organisational Protections Technical Protections Laws Sanctions Enforcement Regimes

7. Copyright 1988-2006 7 The Vacuousness of Data Protection Laws FIPs (Fair Information Practices) were designed for administrative convenience OECD Guidelines were designed to protect businesses from inconsistent national laws Exceptions, Exemptions, Loop-Holes Over-Rides and Small-Print Amendments 1980 Provisions for 1970s Computing http://www.anu.edu.au/people/Roger.Clarke/DV/PP21C.html

8. Copyright 1988-2006 8 The Privacy Amendment (Private Sector) Act 2000 Ignored the Outcomes of Consultation 253 pages; > 3,000 words of 'Principles', containing 24 instances of 'reasonable' Full of exemptions and exceptions Far short of the OECD Guidelines of 1980 Thoroughly inadequate cf. the EU Directive A Poor Attempt at a 3Q 20th Century Law World's Worst Privacy Legislation, or, more simply, Anti-Privacy Legislation

9. Copyright 1988-2006 9 Community Ethos >> Inter-Personal Communications Egalitarianness Openness Participation Mutual Service Community Freedoms Gratis Services Cyberculture Ethos Inter-Personal Communications Internationalism Egalitarianness Openness Participation Mutual Service Community Freedoms Gratis Services And the Impact of Digital?

10. Copyright 1988-2006 10 Public Dissatisfactions Are Piling Up Spam and Telemarketing Abuse continue to be bad for eBusiness Malware has been bad for eBusinessand change is going to be slow Regulatory activity is near-non-existent (TIO, ACA/ACMA, OFPC) Employee Use of the Internet Many More Major Issues: cookies that breach the IETF standard web-bugs adware spyware silent numbers IPND ENUM RFID...

11. Copyright 1988-2006 11 The Privacy Advocacy Core Privacy International – http://www.privacyinternational.org/ U.S.A. – many, including: ACLU – http://www.aclu.org/privacy/ EPIC – http://www.epic.org/privacy/id_cards/ U.K. – many, especially: SayNo2ID – http://www.no2id.net/ Australia – many, especially: Aust Privacy Foundation – http://www.privacy.org.au/ Electronic Frontiers Aust– http://www.efa.org.au/

12. Copyright 1988-2006 12 PRIVACY as a Strategic Factor Privacy is much more than mere Data Protection, and mere Fair Information Practices Elements of a Privacy Strategy A Proactive Stance An Express Strategy An Articulated Plan Resourcing Monitoring of Performance against the Plan