1. Construction Industry
Top 10 Most Frequently Cited Serious Hazards in FY 2009
The information in this presentation is provided voluntarily by the N.C. Department of Labor, Education Training and Technical Assistance Bureau as a public service and is made available in good faith. This presentation is designed to assist trainers conducting OSHA outreach training for workers. Since workers are the target audience, this presentation emphasizes hazard identification, avoidance, and control – not standards. No attempt has been made to treat the topic exhaustively. It is essential that trainers tailor their presentations to the needs and understanding of their audience.
The information and advice provided on this Site and on Linked Sites is provided solely on the basis that users will be responsible for making their own assessment of the matters discussed herein and are advised to verify all relevant representations, statements, and information.
This presentation is not a substitute for any of the provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of North Carolina or for any standards issued by the N.C. Department of Labor. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the N.C. Department of Labor.
The data is Federal Fiscal Year (explained on next page).

2. Objectives
Reveal the Top Ten most-frequently cited serious Construction Industry Standards FY
The Top Ten List includes data about the citations/violations issued from October 1, 2008, through September 30, 2009.
Illustrations: MS Clipart

3. N.C. Department of Labor
Illustration: NCDOL OSH Division 3

4. The Big Four
Most fatalities on construction sites can be categorized into four groups by cause:
Falls
Struck by object
Crushed by object/equipment
Electrocution
Illustrations: MS Clipart

5. Occupational Fatality Investigation Review (OFIR) Fatal Events (October 1, 2008 – September 30, 2009) FY 2009 (41 Fatalities)
(Graph from NCDOL)

6. Frequent Inspections Number 1: Accident prevention responsibilities
Provide for frequent and regular inspections of the job sites, materials, and equipment to be made by competent persons designated by the employers.
Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

7. Frequent Inspections Competent person
(b)(2)
Competent person
One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.
Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

8. Frequent Inspections Nails 1926.20(b)(2)
Would you question the frequency of inspections at this location?
Nails
Photo: NCDOL OSH Division

9. Frequent Inspections 1926.20(b)(2)
Would you question the frequency of inspections at this location?
Photo: NCDOL OSH Division

10. Fall Protection Number 2: Residential construction
Provide employee fall protection when 6 feet or more above lower levels.
Photo: NCDOL OSH Division

11. Fall Protection Does he have fall protection? 1926.501(b)(13)
Photo – Builders Mutual

12. Examples of Fall Protection
(b)(13)
Guardrail System
Illustrations: NCDOL OSH Division
Photo: CDC, US Government
Personal Fall
Arrest System (PFAS)
Safety Net

13. Personal Protective Equipment
Number 3: Eye and face protection
Provide employees with eye and face protection when machines or operations present potential eye or face injury from physical, chemical, or radiation agents.
Illustrations: MS Clipart

14. Eye and Face Protection
Photo: NCDOL OSH Division

15. Examples of Eye and Face Protection
Welding Helmet
Safety Glasses
Photos: California OSHA
Face Shield

16. Use of Portable Ladders
Number 4: Portable ladders
When portable ladders are used for access to an upper landing surface, they must extend 3 feet above landing or be properly secured to access upper landing surface.
Illustration: OSHA.gov

17. Use of Portable Ladders
Portable ladder not extended at least 3 feet above/secured to upper landing surface.
Photo: OSHA.gov 17

18. Use of Portable Ladders
Portable ladder not extended 3 feet above/secured to upper landing surface.
Photo : NCDOL OSH Division 18

19. Fall Protection Number 5: Unprotected sides and edges
Employees shall be protected where walking/working surfaces are 6 feet or more above lower level.
Photo: OSHA Web site e-tools

20. Unprotected Sides and Edges
(b)(1)
Any side or edge (except at entrances to points of access) of a walking/working surface, e.g., floor, roof, ramp, or runway where there is no wall or guardrail system at least 39 inches high.
(b)(2)
Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

21. Unprotected Sides and Edges
(b)(1)
Lack of fall protection on unprotected sides and edges
Photo : NCDOL OSH Division 21

22. Fall Protection – Steep Roofs
(b)(11)
Number 6: Steep roofs
Each employee on a steep roof with unprotected sides and edges 6 feet or more above lower levels shall be protected from falling by guardrail systems with toe-boards, safety net systems, or PFAS.
Steep roof means a roof having a slope greater than 4 in 12 (vertical to horizontal).
MS Clip Art

23. Fall Protection – Steep Roofs
(b)(11)
No fall protection
Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

24. Fall Protection – Steep Roofs
(b)(11)
Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

25. Personal Protective Equipment
Number 7: Head injury protection
Employees working in areas where there is a possible danger of head injury from impact, or from falling or flying objects, or from electrical shock and burns, shall be protected by protective helmets.
Protective helmets must comply with
ANSI Z
Illustration: MS Clip Art

26. Head Injury Protection
Lack of head protection for workers with potential head injury hazards.
Photo: NCDOL OSH Division

27. Head Injury Protection
Photo: NCDOL OSH Division

28. Fall Protection - Training
Number 8: Training
Employer shall provide a training program for each employee who might be exposed to fall hazards.
Photo: OSHA.gov 28

29. Fall Protection - Training
Workers should know how to properly wear equipment.
Workers should know where to tie off.
Photo: OSHA.gov 29

30. Fall Protection - Training
Is equipment inspected?
Is equipment properly maintained?
Illustration: CDC.gov 30

31. Scaffolding - Platform Access
Number 9: Platform access
When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet above or below a point of access
Use portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold stairways/towers), stairway-type ladders (such as ladder stands), ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access from another scaffold, structure, personnel hoist or similar surface for access.
Note: Cross braces shall not be used as a means of
access.

32. Scaffolding - Platform Access
Improper scaffold
platform access
Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

33. Scaffolding - Platform Access
Portable ladder used to access scaffold platform
Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

34. Scaffolding - Platform Access
Scaffolding with inner stairway for climbing
Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

35. Scaffolding - Platform Access
Scaffolding with attached ladder on side
Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

36. Scaffolding - Fall Protection
(g)(4)(i)
Number 10: Guardrail systems
Guardrail systems shall be installed along open sides and ends of platforms.
Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

37. Scaffolding - Fall Protection
(g)(4)(i)
Mobile scaffolding showing employee protected by a guardrail.
Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

38. Scaffolding - Fall Protection
(g)(4)(i)
Scaffolding with unprotected workers.
Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

39. Summary
In this course, we discussed the Top Ten most-frequently cited serious standards for the construction industry in FY 2009.
You should now understand and be able to
identify hazards associated with the Top Ten
most cited serious OSH violations in the construction industry.
Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

40. Summary
Number 1: (b)(2) - Frequent inspections; provide frequent and regular inspections of the job sites, materials, and equipment by competent persons designated by the employers.
Number 2: (b)(13) - Fall protection; employee protected 6 feet or more above lower level in residential construction.
Number 3: (a)(1) - Eye and face protection; general requirement for eye and face protection when machines or operations present eye or face injury. 40

41. Summary
Number 4: (b)(1) - Use of portable ladders; must extend 3 feet above landing or be property secured to access upper landing surface.
Number 5: (b)(1) - Fall protection; employees on a walking/working surface (horizontal and vertical surface) with unprotected sides and edges 6 feet or more above lower levels shall have fall protection.
Number 6: (b)(11) - Fall protection; employees on a steep roof with unprotected sides and edges 6 feet or more above lower levels shall have fall protection.

42. Summary
Number 7: (a) - PPE; employees working in areas where there is a possible danger of head injury shall be protected by protective helmets.
Number 8: (a)(1) - Fall protection training; employer shall provide a training program for each employee who might be exposed to fall hazards.
Number 9: (e)(1) - Scaffolding; proper access provided to scaffold platforms that are more than 2 feet above or below access point.

43. Construction Industry
Summary
Number 10: (g)(4)(i) - Guardrail systems shall be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms.
Construction Industry
Injuries
Fatalities 43

44. Thank You For Attending!
Final Questions? 44