1. ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS

3. Organic Compounds
Organic Compounds: Compounds that contain
carbon and make up living organisms
Carbon is the backbone of life!!!

5. CARBON Why is carbon the backbone of life? Why is it special?
Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell. To satisfy the octet rule, it needs to share 4 other electrons.
This means that each carbon atom forms 4 bonds

6. Three Types Of Carbon Molecules
Straight Chain:
2. Ring:
3. Branched Chain:

7. Macromolecule
Large molecules that make up living things. They are large chains of smaller molecules. It means “giant molecule”.

8. Monomers
All macro organic molecules are made up of smaller subunits called monomers. This is just the base unit that repeats over and again. The monomers can be identical or different.

9. Polymers Organic macromolecules are made up of
repeating monomers.These chains of monomers
are called polymers.

10. Condensation Reaction
A condensation reaction is the removal of water to
Connect monomers. The large chain is then bonded to form a polymer.

12. 4 Groups of Organic Compounds
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids

13. Carbohydrates *Ratio: 1C:2H:1O *Function: 1. Main source of energy.
*Carbohydrates are composed of C, H, and O.
*Ratio: 1C:2H:1O
*Function:
1. Main source of energy.
2. Plants and some animals use it for structural purposes.

14. Carbohydrates GLUCOSE! Carbohydrates are made up of monomers called
monosaccharides.
Examples of monosaccrharides:
glucose: plant produce during photosynthesis
Galactose: found in milk and diary
Fructose: sugar in many fruits
GLUCOSE!

15. Fructose

17. Carbohydrates
Two monomers of monosaccharides together are
called disaccharides. Sucrose is a examples of a
disaccharide.

19. MALTOSE

20. Carbohydrates
A polysaccharide is a long chain of monosacchrides
Joined together.
Examples of polysacchrides:
glycogen:stored energy
Starch: plant stored energy
Cellulose: cell walls
STARCH!!!

21. Look at the difference between these two. Think about how
Plants use cellulose and animals use starch. They are shaped
this way because of their use. Cellulose – straight chains Starch
Branched.

22. Lipids DEFINE: Large groups of organic compounds not soluble in water.
Mostly made up of C and H with very little O.
Functions:
Store energy for long term.
Waterproof covering

23. 4 main categories of Lipids
Fats
Oils
Waxes
steroids
FAT!!!

24. - Lipids Structure of a lipid:
Glyercol molecule combines with fatty acids. The
Different fatty acids determine the type of lipid.

25. Lipids
Lipids are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and very little nitrogen.

26. Lipids
All lipids are not soluble in water. That is why they are placed together.

27. Saturated vs. Unsaturated
Lipids
Saturated vs. Unsaturated
Saturated means that all the carbon bonds are taken. They are solid at room temperature and bad for you.
Unsaturated means that there is at least one double bond with the carbon. They are liquid at room temp. and are better for you.

29. Which ones are
Saturated??

30. Proteins
Any of a large group of nitrogen containing organic compounds that are essential part cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein.”

31. Macromolecules that contain N, C, O and H. Functions:
Proteins
Macromolecules that contain N, C, O and H.
Functions:
Rate of cell processes.
Cellular structures
Controls substances in and out of cell.
Fight disease.

32. Examples of Proteins
Hemoglobin in blood
Collagen
Enzymes
insulin

33. Proteins and Amino acid formation
Proteins are made up of monomers of amino acids help together by peptide bonds.
3 parts of an amino acid:
Amino group
Carboxyl group
R group

34. Proteins(examples of R-Groups)
There are 20 different amino acids found in nature.Different proteins are determined by the type of amino acids connected together. All amino acids are the same except for the R-group. The R-group gives the amino acids different properties.

35. R – Group

36. The R – Group(functional group)

39. Proteins(structure)
Long chains of amino acids are connected
by peptide bonds which are called polypeptides.

42. Nucleic acid Any of various macromolecules composed of
nucleotide chains that are vital constituents
of all living cells.

43. Nucleic acids Macromolecules containing H, N, C, O and P.
Made up of monomers of nucleotides.

44. Nucleotides 3 parts of a nucleotide Phosphate Deoxyribose sugar
Nitrogen base

45. Function of a Nucleic Acids
Carry genetic material
Carries codes to make proteins

46. 2 Examples of Nucleic Acids
RNA – ribosenucleic acids
DNA – deoxyribosenucleic acid

47. Function of DNA Carry codes to make proteins.
Carry genetics code(genes).

48. Function of RNA
1. Function of RNA is to make proteins from the code DNA carries.