1. Chemistry of Organic Molecules
3.1 Organic molecules overview

2. What are organic molecules?
All contain ___________
Four types of organic molecules

3. Why is carbon ubiquitous in organic molecules?
Stable structure
6 electrons
____ number of bonds it can form
Single, double, triple bonds
Forms long chains

4. How are long chains formed?
Dehydration synthesis
Monomer + monomer  __________ + H20
Hydrolysis
__________ + H20  monomer + monomer

5. What are functional groups?
Can be
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
Isomers

6. Chemistry of Organic Molecules
3.2 Carbohydrates

7. What is a carbohydrate? (CH2O)n Common energy source Name ends in –ose
4.3 kcal/mol
Name ends in –ose
Hydrophilic
Straight chain or ring

8. What are mono- and disaccharides?
Monosaccharides
glucose
Fructose
Ribose
deoxyribose
Disaccharides
Maltose
Sucrose

9. What are polysaccharides?
Joining of three or more monosaccharides via ______
Starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin, peptidoglycan

10. Chemistry of Organic Molecules
3.3 Lipids

11. What are lipids? Common energy store Long chains of C and H
~ 9 kcal/mol
Long chains of C and H
Hydrophobic
Several types
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Waxes
Steroids

12. What are triglycerides?
Fats and oils
Contain
Glycerol
Fatty acids (contains carboxyl group)
Two types
Saturated
Unsaturated

13. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Complete number of ___
Unsaturated
Contains double bonds
Contains fewer ____
Transfats
AKA partially hydrogenated fats

14. What are phospholipids?
Amphiphilic
Create cell membrane
Similar to triglycerides as they contain
Glycerol
Phosphate group
Two fatty acids

15. What are waxes? Long chain fatty acids bonded to long-chain alcohols
Solid at room temp

16. What are steroids? Four-ring lipids Cholesterol is base molecule
Basis for many sex hormones

17. Chemistry of Organic Molecules
3.4 Proteins

18. What are proteins? Perform many functions Long chains of _____________
Support
Enzymes
Transport
Defense
Hormones
Motion
Long chains of _____________

19. What are amino acids? Common structure 20 common kinds
hydrophobic, hydrophilic
Joined together via ________ to make polypeptides
Peptide bond

20. What are the shapes of proteins?
Shape determines ________
Four levels of structure
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

21. What are some other properties of proteins?
Fibrous proteins
Structural
hydrophobic
Globular proteins
Enzymes
Hydrophilic
Chaperone proteins
Prions?
Denaturation pH
Heat

22. Chemistry of Organic Molecules
3.5 Nucleic Acids

23. What are nucleic acids? Long chains of _________ DNA RNA ATP
Three components in nucleotides
DNA
RNA
ATP

24. What is the structure of DNA?
Double helix
Deoxyribose
Nucleotides joined via _______
Sugar-phosphate backbone
Purines vs. pyrimidines
Joined via hydrogen bonds

25. What is the structure of RNA?
Single stranded
Ribose
Sugar-phosphate backbone

26. What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate
Unstable P bond
Energy molecule