1. Lecture 14 Relative clause
1. Non-restrictive relative clauses
2. Choice of relative words
3. Restrictive relative clause

2. A restrictive clause is closely related to the head. It
is not separated from the head by a break in
intonation, or by a comma in writing.This kind of
relative clause usually occurs in the following
contexts: When the noun head takes a generic
indefinite article or a cataphoric definite article, the
relative clause that follows is generally a restrictive
clause, e.g.:
She was a woman who must be treated decently.
This is the car I bought last year.

3. It is not closely connected with the head. It is
generally separated from the head by a clear break
in speech or by a comma in writing.
Non-restrictive clauses are usually introduced by
wh-words.It should be noticed that to introduce a
non-restrictive clause, it is not absolutely
impermissible to use the relative that, but that in this
context is not so common as a wh-word, e.g.:
The chairman, who spoke first, sat on my right.
His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on.

4. 1) Choice of relative pronouns in restrictive clauses
This section is primarily concerned with the choice
of relative pronouns in restrictive clauses functioning
as subject, object and prepositional
complementation.
Watch closely the following examples: He is the man who lives next door to us. Where is the man I saw this morning? These are the boys I went to school with.

5. 2) Some other problems of usage concerning choice
of relative pronouns in restrictive clauses there are
some other problems of usage worthy of note.
Watch closely the following examples: He still talks like the man (that ) he was ten years ago. There were some students at the party whom I must shun. He talked brilliantly about the man and the books that interested him. All that live must die. Any boy that wants to succeed must work hard. Newton was one of the greatest men that ever lived.

6. Conclusion
Relative clauses may be restrictive or non-
restrictive. A restrictive relative clause gives
essential information about the meaning of the
antecedent. If forms an integral part of the noun
phrase, without which the head cannot be identified
as the specific object. A non-restrictive relative
clause does not restrict the referential meaning of
the antecedent. If it is taken away, the antecedent
still refers to the same person or thing.

7. Assignment
1. Exercise 33ABCD
2. Remember the rules and practice more