1. Expressed and Experienced Emotion

2. Detecting Emotion All of us communicate verbally and nonverbally. Experience can sensitize us to particular emotions. – Abused children are much quicker than other children at recognizing the signals of anger. AngerFear50% Anger 50% Fear

3. Detecting Emotions Our brains can easily detect subtle expressions. – A glimpse of a face for just one tenth of a second is enough for people to judge somebody's trustworthiness.

4. Detecting Emotion: Deception While out brains are very good at detecting most emotions one emotion we are not very good at detecting is deception or deceiving expressions. – The common belief is that you can tell if somebody is lying by looking them in the eyes. – When tested people were only 54% accurate at telling if somebody was lying by looking them in the eyes. This is slightly better than a coin toss or chance. – However some people are more sensitive to physical cues of deception.

5. Detecting Emotion: Technology Gestures, facial expressions, and tones of voice are all absent in electronic communication. – This is why it is easy for many people to misread text or emails. dang it.. when when I said lets go have dinner i did not mean it as a date... Why in the world are you mad??? Wait i know... I didn't put lol after that last statement so you took it wrong Actual Facebook status updates: He just said “I love you” and I texted back “I love YOUTUBE” real fast. I don`t feel the same 

6. Gender and Emotion: Women Is women’s intuition superior to men’s? – Women generally surpass men at reading peoples emotional cues. – This nonverbal sensitivity also gives women an edge in spotting lies. – Women also have a greater emotional literacy…they can describe more complex emotional reactions. -Example…males might say “I feel bad”, females might say “It will be bittersweet, I will fill happy and sad” -This could also be explained by the fact that women generally use more vocabulary during the day than men.

9. Gender and Emotion: Anger Imagine an angry face… Now is that face male or female? 75% of the people in an Arizona State University study said male. Anger is an emotion that many people associate with males even though many people see females as being more emotionally expressive.

10. Gender and Emotion: Empathy Women are likely to describe themselves as empathic however, in a study that measured the physiological effects of empathy they found that there is a much smaller gap than is reported in surveys. Females are more likely to express their empathy than males. Although males and females did not differ in self-reported emotions or physiological responses while viewing emotional films, the women's faces showed much more.

11. Culture and Emotional Expression Are nonverbal expressions of emotion universally understood? – Some are and some are not The American “thumps up” and “A-OK” signs are considered insults in other countries.

12. Culture and Emotional Expression Facial expressions are somewhat universal. – A smile is a smile world wide – Simple facial expressions Even isolated groups of people share universal facial expressions. Facial expressions even among the blind are universal. Lets see how good you are at detecting emotions from facial expressions from people in different cultures!

13. What Emotion is This? HAPPINESS

14. What Emotion is This? SURPRISE

15. What Emotion is This? FEAR

16. What Emotion is This? SADNESS

17. What Emotion is This? ANGER

18. What Emotion is This? DISGUST

19. Culture and Emotional Expression Although cultures share a universal facial language for basic emotions, they differ in how much emotion they express. – Cultures that encourage more individuality display more visible emotions.

20. The Effects of Facial Expressions Do our facial Expressions influence our feelings? Expressions not only communicate emotion, they also amplify and regulate it. – Try it…fake a big smile – Now Scowl Facial Feedback = the effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions. – When a facial expression intensifies emotional feelings. Pencil Experiment Botox Experiment

21. Experienced Emotions How many emotions are there? – Carroll Izard identified 10 basic emotions: Joy Excitement Surprise Sadness Anger Disgust Contempt Fear Shame Guilt – All other emotions are combinations of these 10 emotions

22. Fear: What is the function of fear? Fear can be debilitating and contagious. – 1903 Chicago theatre fire. Fear is the bodies alarm system. Fear also protects us from harm. Fear of punishment can restrain us. Common fear against enemies can also cause groups of people to bond. Fearful expressions also improve sensory reactions by improving peripheral vision and speed eye movements.

23. Learning Fear Through our experiences and possibly conditioning we learn to fear many things. Learning by observation can also expand our list of fears. – Almost all wild monkeys fear snakes, yet lab monkeys do not. – This means that we may learn many of our fears from parents or friends.

24. Biology of Fear We may be biologically prepared to learn some fears more quickly than others. – Monkeys, snakes, and flowers – Humans quickly learn to fear snakes, spiders, and cliffs because these are fears that probably helped our ancestors to survive.

26. Biology of Fear The Amygdala is crucial in learning fears. – Rabbits, tones, and shocks – People with phobias show high Amygdala activity and people that are very courageous show low Amygdala activity. (There are always extremes) Phobia = an intense fear of a specific objects or situations.

27. Biology of Fear Experience does help to shape our fears, however so do our genes. – In twins, ones level of fearfulness is similar to the others, even when they have been raised apart. We have also discovered a gene that influences the amygdala’s response to frightening situations. – People with the short version of this gene have less levels of a protein that speeds up reuptake of serotonin. – With more serotonin available to activate the amygdala neurons, people with this short gene are more fearful.

28. ANGER! Societies that are more individualistic tend to vent their anger or experience catharsis. Catharsis = emotional release Catharsis Theory = Releasing anger (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges. – Can be temporarily calming…but most of the time this will just cause more anger. – “Venting to reduce anger is like using gasoline to put out a fire.”

29. Anger Best ways to handle anger: – Time and waiting – Do not deal with anger in ways that cause you to sulk or rehearse your anger. Calm your self by exercising or playing an instrument or talk to a friend. Forgiveness is the best way to deal with anger

30. Happiness People who are happier perceive the world as safer, feel more confident, make decisions more easily, are more cooperative and tolerant, and live healthier more satisfying lives. Feel-good, do-good phenomenon: People are more likely to be helpful when in a good mood.

31. Happiness Cycle Positive moods rise over the early to middle part of the day. Stressful events trigger bad moods. But by the next day the gloom nearly lifts away. – People usually rebound from bad days to a better than usual day. In the long run our mood tends to balance.

32. Wealth and Well-being Well-being = self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Money can buy some happiness – Richer countries are somewhat happier than poorer ones. Once one has enough money to provide for their basic needs gaining more and more money will matter less and less.

33. Happiness and Prior Experience Adaptation-level phenomenon = our tendency to judge various stimuli relative to those we have previously experienced. – If your current income increases we will feel an initial surge of pleasure and then adapt to this new level of income and consider it normal.

34. Happiness and Others Happiness is relevant not only to our past experiences but also to our comparisons with others. Relative deprivation = the perception that we are worse off relative to those whom we compare ourselves. – When expectations rise above attainments happiness drops.

35. Predictors of Happiness