1. THE COLD WAR CONTINUED Time elapse of the nuclear era... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4Rar5hnsvU

2. Objective… Trace the continuing events & policies of the Cold War through the Eisenhower Administration.

3. The long term struggle with the Soviets may produce a “garrison state”… 2) DDE’s concerns… Nike Missiles Will the military emphasis of the Cold War overburden the U.S. economy?

4. 3) The “New Look”… Sec. of Defense Wilson coins the phrase “more bang for the buck”… Reduce military expenses …“more bang for the buck” Nuclear weapons are cheaper than conventional forces …stabilizes the defense budget Pursue high- tech nuclear weapons “Massive retaliation”…

5. Sec. of State J.F. Dulles 4) - ID J.F. Dulles… - Describe his position on communism & his role in the “new look”… Communism is immoral & godless. “Rollback”… “Massive retaliation”… “Brinksmanship”… J.F. Dulles - Dominant in US foreign policy leader during the 50s.

6. The “New Look” The “new look” successfully reduced military spending... 1952 1960 66%............... 49% of budget 5) How did DDE feel about the “new look”?... The “New Look” was not practical in all situations… Full scale nuclear war was the only option to resolve situations

7. Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) A strategy in which the full-scale use of nuclear weapons would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker & defender. The strategy relies on deterrence...the threat of using nuclear weapons against the enemy prevents the enemy's use of nuclear weapons. Both sides lack incentive to initiate a conflict or to disarm.

8. In E. Berlin (1953) and in Hungary (1956) people revolt against Soviet occupation. The Soviets violently crush the revolt. 6) How did DDE handle the crises in E. Berlin & Hungary? The US does nothing to support the revolution. WHY?...

9. The Death of Josef Stalin - Stalin died of a brain hemorrhage on March 5, 1953. His body was embalmed and placed next to Lenin's in the tomb at Red Square. In 1961, with Stalin falling into disgrace, the corpse was quietly removed & buried. …. Stalin is responsible for the deaths of 20,000,000+ people

10. Leader of the USSR 1958–1964 Nikita Khrushchev 7) How did the ascension to power of Nikita Khrushchev affect U.S.-Soviet relations? Improved relations… - Redirected the Soviet economy to consumer goods - 1958: Suspends atomic testing - 1959: 12 day diplomatic trip to America

11. Geneva Summit (1955) The overall goal of the summit was to reduce tension. President DDE proposes the “Open Skies” Doctrine. The Soviets rejected the idea ….mistrust The Soviets & US would allow flights over each other’s territory to monitor each other. Soviet reaction?…

12. Sputnik - Oct. 4, 1957 The first artificial satellite Size of a basketball …183 lbs …98 minute orbit SHOCK & PANIC in the US…The start of the space race

13. 9) The National Defense Ed. Act of 1958… An appeal to not spare the rod when it comes to catching up with the Soviets. NASA is formed - $8B into education

14. 8) What incident ended the thawing of the Cold War?... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCoXJ_bDGTM May, 1960

15. The U-2 Wreckage U-2 wreckage on displayed in Moscow The Soviets recovered the parachute & cameras http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCoXJ_bDGTM

16. Covert Action 10 & 11) Why did Eisenhower believe the CIA was a practical way of resolving international political problems? Cheap, quick & quiet

17. 12) How did the U.S. & the USSR compete for influence in the third world? USSR: Emphasizes Anti –imperialism, $ and covert action US - Destabilize Communist efforts with $ & covert actions

18. Intervening Around the World 13) What actions did the U.S. take in Iran to insure a friendly government?... What was the outcome?... 1953: Iran nationalizes British oil companies CIA overthrows the Iranian government The Shah is put in power & renegotiates oil contracts favorable to US

19. 1955: The Formosa Resolution… Congress approves military force to prevent the PRC from taking Formosa The PRC stops efforts to take Formosa

20. 14) How did the U.S. gain Israel as a reliable ally in the Middle East? The US backed Israel when the Arab countries attacked them in 1948. Arab states refuse to recognize Israel Ends with UN sponsored armistice in 1949

21. 15) Why did Nasser nationalize the Suez Canal?... Background... 1875- Great Britain controls the Suez Canal President Nasser seeks aid from the US & British to build the Aswan Dam… Aid is not approved by U.S. & Britain. 1956- Egypt nationalizes the Suez Canal & turns to Soviets for aid. 1956 – Great Britain, France & Israel invade Egypt Soviets threaten intervention DDE condemns the action at the UN…Influences a halt to the crisis DDE influences “The Suez Crisis”

22. 1956: The Eisenhower Doctrine US fears Soviet influence in the Mid-East… (OIL!) The US will support Mid-East. countries threatened by communism 1958 – US thwarts Soviet take over in Lebanon

23. 16) Why did DDE oppose the Guzman government in Guatemala? What actions did the U.S. take there? What type of government was established in Guatemala?… 1954: Guatemala Leader of Guatemala (Guzman) gave US owned land to peasants. It was believed that the Guatemalan government was Communistic….The CIA trains a Guatemalan army to over throw the government.

24. - Fidel Castro overthrows the corrupt Cuban Dictator Fulgencio Batista - Eisenhower authorized the training of Cuban nationals who sought to overthrow Castro. 1959: Cuba Fulgencio Batista Fidel Castro

25. The foundations of the Vietnam conflict… The Viet Minh (Communists) are fighting against French colonialism in Indo-China. First Indo-China War (1946-54)

26. Leader of the Viet Minh: 18. a.)

27. The Vietnam dilemma… HST had committed the US to defend freedom… The Truman Doctrine DDE feared “another Asian war”…Possibly another Korea The French request U.S. involvement DDE sends aid, military advisors & CIA 1950-54: US finances 75% of the French effort

28. 18 b.) Dien Bien Phu Expelled France from Vietnam Human wave attacks French: 2,200 dead/ Wounded 17,800 prisoners Viet Minh: 23,000 dead

29. 18 c.) Domino Theory… “I can conceive of no greater tragedy than for the US to become engaged in an all out war in Indo-China” - DD Eisenhower

30. 1954: S.E.A.T.O… US backed anti-communist alliance in Asia Members: US, Britain, France, Australia New Zealand Thailand, Philippines & Pakistan

31. 18. d.) The Geneva Agreement –Divides Vietnam: 17 th parallel NV - Viet Minh Ho Chi Minh SV - Rep. of Vietnam Ngo Dinh Diem

32. 19) What groups opposed the “New Look” in foreign policy? Peace advocates… the New Look is illogical. Scientists… the danger of radioactive fall out Europe… Ban the Bomb protest group U.S.… SANE protest (National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy) Women College Students

33. Ike’s Warning: The Military – Industrial Complex What is the “M.I.C.?” 20) What did Eisenhower warn against in hisfarewell address?...What is at risk as a result of the “M.I.C.?” The Military Industrial Complex speech… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8y06NSBBRtY “The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes.” - DDE

34. Honors American Cultures America At Midcentury: The Cold War Continues – Review Activity In small groups (2-3), classify the terms below into the category with the strongest relationship to the term. Each group will be responsible for explaining the relationship of the term to category. Several of the terms many be used more than one time. 17 th ParallelFidel CastroGamal Abdel Nassar BrinksmanshipViet MinhThe Geneva Agreement Domino TheoryJohn Foster DullesNational Defense Ed. Act The ShahCheap OilAllen Dulles “Garrison State”CIA interventionVietnam Dien Bien PhuNgo Dinh Diem“Roll back” Communism The New LookLt. Gary Francis Powers Ho Chi Minh Eisenhower Doctrine U-2 Incident“More bang for the buck” Formosa Resolution NASASEATO Covert action MAD The Suez Canal is nationalizedCommunism is “Godless and immoral” The United Fruit Company is nationalizedIsrael is attacked by Arab nations British Petroleum is nationalized in Iran Replace conventional weapons with nuclear weapons

35. President Eisenhower…Cuba…Nikita Khrushchev… The Middle EastFrench Indo-China…Secretary of Defense Wilson… Guatemala…Secretary of State J.F. DullesIran… Sputnik Examples of CIA intervention…Communism spreading…