1. 3-2 New England Colonies
Pages 78-84

2. What are the Puritans and Pilgrims?
Wanted to purify or reform the Anglican Church
Believed the bishops and priests had too much power
Pilgrims
Most extreme of all protestants who wanted to separate from the Church of England

3. Why did the Pilgrims come to America?
Pilgrims were being punished for not following the Church of England
Left England for the Netherlands in 1608 where they could practice their religion, but lost their English traditions.
1620 a joint stock company was created and sent the Mayflower to the new world

4. What was the Mayflower Compact and why was it so significant?
Governing laws of the new colony at Plymouth
41 men signed in 1620 a legal contract in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good.
Significance
1st attempt at self government

5. What was the relationships between the Pilgrims and Native Americans?
In March 1621, The Pilgrims meet Samoset and Squanto who both spoke English
With the help of the local Wampanoag Indians they learned how to plant successfully
First harvest was a celebration due to its success with the Wampanoag
First Thanksgiving

6. What was life like in the Pilgrim community?
Made little Money due to poor fishing and farming
1620s more colonists continued to come strengthening the colony
Family is important
Education is important
Women cooked, spun, wove, sewed, cared for the home and farm animals
Men made tools, worked in the fields, got wood and shelter

7. What was the role of women in the New England colonies?
In Plymouth women had more legal rights then in most of the world.
Sign contracts, take cases to court, widows could own property
Courts also recognized women's help in businesses

8. Why did the Great Migration occur?
In the 1620s England was in an economic crisis
Dissenters of the Anglican Church were being punished
1629 – A charter was given to the Massachusetts Bay Company to build an ideal Christian community

9. Massachusetts Bay Colony - 1630
Connecticut
Rhode Island
Why a success?
Well prepared, help from Plymouth, healthy climate, little Native resistance
Thomas Hooker?
Created a new colony away from Massachusetts, disagreements with Massachusetts Bay Colony
Roger Williams?
Disagreed with the close connection between the religion and politics in Massachusetts, created a separate colony in Providence that allowed for separation and religious tolerance
General Court?
Self governing body, bicameral in 1644, 1st attempt at self government
Relationship between Government and Religion?
In order to vote needed to be a member of the church, God’s elect (chosen full member of church)
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?
A more democratic system of government set up, basis of today’s democracy
Anne Hutchinson?
Held radical religious ideas, felt did not need ministers, Puritans believed that women should not be religious leaders, she was put on trial and forced out of the colony, started the colony of Portsmith Rhode Island
John Winthrop?
Organized the original trip to Massachusetts, 1st governor

10. What were the Salem Witch Trials?
Took place in Salem in 1690s
A group of girls accused many of casting spells on them
Those accused were pressured to admit they were witches
19 people were put to death

11. Jobs
Description
Farming
Merchants
Fishing
Shipbuilding
Skilled Craftspeople
Few cash crops due to poor soil, little dependence on slaves; mostly subsistence farming
Trade was vital to NE, traded locally, within the colonies, internationally, traded beef, fur, and pork, leading members of society
Leading industry, cod, mackerel, halibut, exported dried fish, whale hunting for light oil
Plenty of forests, increase trade especially of slaves, fishing, supported, high quality valuable vessels
Blacksmith, weaving, shipbuilding, printing, young boys apprentice to learn trades, journeymen traveled learning and using their trade; master craftsmen

12. What education existed in the colonies and why?
Education important in New England where people were required to learn to read and understanding the Bible.
Public Education
Purpose to educate ministers
1647 General Court of Massachusetts – required schools in each township with 50 families
New England Primer – focused on Bible stories
Parents and tutors educated
Education through elementary school

13. Higher education 1636 Harvard College started to train ministers
1693 William and Mary created
1770 in New England
70% of men = literate
45% of women = literate
Less in other colonies