1. The Industrial Revolution
“bigger, better, faster, more!”
Video

2. Protestant Work Ethic
Max Weber’s The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.
Sometimes called the Puritan work ethic, is a value emphasizing the necessity of constant labor in a person's calling as a sign of personal salvation. Protestants beginning with Martin Luther had reconceptualised work as a duty for the benefit of the individual and society.

3. Enclosure Movement
The Enclosure Movement took land that had formerly been owned in common by all members of a village and put it in private hands. This forced MANY farmers off the land and into the cities where they would become the labor force for factories.

4. Agricultural Improvements Leads to a Large Labor Supply
JethroTull’s Seed Drill
Enclosure Movement
Machines and sheep
Few jobs available in the
country, more in the city
In 1700, 80% of the population of England earned its income from the land. A century later, that figure had dropped to 40%.

5. Threshing machine
The “END” for the peasants! Mwahahahahah 5

7. Lord "Turnip" Townshend
4-Field crop rotation, improved fertility and harvest.
It’s really much better than the 3-Field system! 7

8. Creation of Financial Markets
What shall we invest in?
Colonialism expands
International trade (like the Triangle Trade) to expand
Causing
The need for financial markets to invest the new money.
Capital ($) to accumulate
Causing
Causing

9. The Rise of the Middle Class
Rise of “Bourgeoisie”
Religious beliefs (John Wesley)
encourage work ethic
Wealth invested
In factories
Wealth from trade and colonies

10. Britain had large quantities of coal & iron
Thus England became the "Workshop of the World," 10

12. The Importance of Science
"Knowledge is power" Francis Bacon
Scientific knowledge revealed power over nature
Labor saving devices would liberate mankind
They would save labor which then could be utilized elsewhere

13. Resources: Power and Machines
Burned to power engines
Replace animal power
Need to be efficient
Needed to make engines
Scientific Revolution

14. Colonial Expansion

15. Causes of the Industrial Revolution
New tools and crops
More food means healthier people
Water and coal
Protestant Work Ethic
Especially the British

16. You now have the needed: Factors of Production
Land - from Enclosure Movement
Labor - from farmers leaving farms and from new machines
Capital - from profits from colonial expansion.
One additional item that helps is a stable government, no one wants to build a factory in a war zone!
Who has the most stable government? 16

17. Magna Carta
Bill of Rights
British Parliament

18. By 1850, England had become an economic titan.
Its goal was to supply two-thirds of the globe with cotton spun, dyed, and woven in the industrial centers of northern England.
England proudly proclaimed itself to be the "Workshop of the World"

19. English population 1708 & 1911 19

20. Chain reaction of Consumerism→ ↓ ↑
Video ← ←

21. Wait till tomorrow to find out the rest of the story…
“The Industrial Revolution was no mere sequence of changes in industrial techniques and production, but a social revolution with social causes as well as profound social effects"