1. Starting the 13 English Colonies Chapter 3

2. Early Colonies Have Mixed Success *Main Idea: Two early English colonies failed, but Jamestown survived – partly through individual effort and hard work. *Reasons English go went America: -lack of economic opportunity (jobs) -stories of gold mines/wealth -religious persecution (discrimination) **By having colonies in the Americas, England hoped to increase its trade and build up its gold supply!

3. *Two Early Colonies Fail: 1.Roanoke (Virginia) 2.Sagadahoc (Maine) *failed b/c….. harsh winters, conflict with Native Americans, food shortages, and arguments among colonists.

4. Jamestown (In honor of King James) *Established? 1607 *Importance? First permanent English settlement in the Americas! The Jamestown Colony

5. *hardships? YES! Malaria, harsh winters, food shortage, looking for gold rather than building houses and growing food! *Many colonists died, but Jamestown remained!

6. *By 1612, developed a high-grade tobacco popular in England. -Lucrative (profitable) business. *1619 – first African Americans arrive in Jamestown. Population boom!: 1619: 6001621: > 2,000 *House of Burgesses: Created (1619) to provide more local control. Elected representatives met once a year in an assembly. -Importance???? First representative assembly in the American colonies!!!!

7. *Conflict with Powhatan: - Relations intensified as more colonists arrived and wanted land. -Uneasy peace!! -Colonists learned how to grow corn, catch fish, and capture wild fowl. -Expanding tobacco plantations took over more and more Powhatan land. *1622: Powhatan killed hundreds of Jamestown’s residents in response!

8. Bacon’s Rebellion *When? 1676 *Where? Jamestown *Led by? Nathaniel Bacon *Why? Landless frontier settlers upset about high taxes & wanted a war against Native Americans approved to seize their land for tobacco plantations.

9. *Governor refused! *What happened? Marched into Jamestown, took control of House of Burgesses, burned town to the ground! *Outcome? Failure and Success!!! How???? Failure: rebellion ended with Bacon’s death Success: House of Burgesses passed laws preventing a royal governor from assuming such power again.

10. New England Colonies *Main Idea: Religion influenced the settlement and government of the New England colonies. The Pilgrims Religious group that called for a total break from the Church of England – believed it was too much like the Catholic Church. -Attacked and criticized for rejecting England’s official church. -Settled in America to escape harsh treatment. -Nov. 1620, the Mayflower arrived at Plymouth, Mass.

11. “Thanksgiving is next week.”

12. *Signed the Mayflower Compact! Pilgrims vowed to obey laws agreed upon for the good of the colony. *Importance?? Helped establish the idea of self- government and majority rule! Question: Do we still have this today???? Plymouth colony *Thanks to Squanto and other Native Americans, the Pilgrims learned to survive in their new environment.

13. The Puritans *Religious group that left England to escape harsh treatment by King James I. *Unlike Pilgrims, Puritans wanted to reform, or “purify” the practices of the Church of England.

14. King James I of England Devout Protestant The Puritan Religion

15. New England Way *Basic unit: Congregation – a group of people who belong to the same church. -Puritans gathered for town meetings, a form of ______ - ___________ where people make laws & other decisions for the community. *Elected representatives chose the governor. *By law: everyone had to attend church services! -Provided instruction on the “New England Way” *Emphasized duty, godliness, hard work, and honesty.

16. *Believed amusements like dancing and playing games led to laziness! -Believed God required them to work long and hard at their vocation! *This work ethic contributed to the rapid growth & success of the New England colonies!! *Laws required all children learn to read (Bible)

17. *1636 – Thomas Hooker moved his congregation to the Connecticut Valley. *Wrote: Fundamental Order of Connecticut in 1639. -These laws were a constitution! 1.Extended voting rights to non-church members 2.Limited the power of the governor *Importance?? Expanded the idea of representative government!!!

18. Challenges to Puritan Leaders! -Roger Williams

19. -Disagreed with the New England Way -Minister in Salem, Mass. -Founded the First Baptist church in America -Opposed forced church attendance! -Opposed taking Native American lands by force! -Forced out of his colony! *1636: founded the colony of Rhode Island -Guaranteed religious freedom and the separation of church and state!

20. Anne Hutchinson *Anne Hutchinson *Believed a person could worship God without the help of a church, minister, or Bible. *Conducted discussions in her home that challenged church authority. *Brought to trial! *Forced to leave mass. *She fled to Rhode Island!

21. Quakers *Challenged the congregation of the Puritans *Believed you could know God through “an inner light” *Ministers or Bible were not needed *Believed in treating Natives fairly – set them apart from other colonists! *For these beliefs, they were whipped, imprisoned, and hanged *Many left for Rhode Island.

22. King Philips War: Puritans Vs. Wampanoag Cause and Effect! REASONS FOR CONFLICT *LAND OWNERSHIP *RELIGION *INCREASED POP. OF EUROPEANS Led to….King Philips War!! Native American LossesEuropean Losses *3,000 killed*600 settlers killed *King Philip *>45 villages attacked (Metacom killed)*12 villages destroyed *500 Natives enslaved *European expansion into Native land