1. Jovonne Carr Cheyenne Hockenhull
Endocrine System Insulin Feedback Mechanisms Pancreatic Cells: Beta Cell
Jovonne Carr
Cheyenne Hockenhull

2. Vocabulary
Homeostasis- the steady state physiological condition of the body
Hormone- a chemical signal that is secreted into the extracellular fluid and communicate
Endocrine system- contains hormone secreting cells (homeostasis)
Islet cells- clusters of pancreatic cells
Insulin- a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood

3. The Endocrine System
The endocrine system controls the body’s functions.
Hormones are produced in this system to maintain the tissues and organs in your body.
Glands and organs play a huge role in the system.
These produce the hormones that help keep the body functioning.

4. Pancreas Function
Exocrine cells (acinar cells) produce enzymes to help with digestion
Endocrine cells (islet cells) release hormones, insulin and glucagon, into the blood stream. This helps control blood sugar levels.

5. Cell Signaling
In the pancreas, the signals received by the cells are very important.
The signals contribute to the regulation of sugar levels in the blood.
The alpha cell gets a signal that there is not enough glucose, which triggers the production of glucagon.
The beta cell gets a signal that there is a rise in the level of sugar and the blood and releases / makes insulin to lower the level.
BETA CELL
Insulin is the “signal” initiated by the beta cell’s reaction to glucose in the blood.
The target is the lowering of the blood glucose level. This is caused by the insulin making many other organs and tissues use the glucose to lower the level.
The transduction pathway is a simple endocrine pathway. The receptor is in the cell membrane (edge of cell).

6. Beta Cell producing insulin after it detects glucose.

7. Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune disease that causes the body to have a lack of insulin
Normal functioning cell: produces correct amounts of insulin which in turn opens up cells so they can take in sugar and use as energy source.
Diabetic cell: has problem taking up glucose. That means the sugar remains in the blood.
Insulin is the main regulator of glucose levels in blood

8. A Day At GHS Have daily injections of insulin, dose calculated exactly
Watch what they eat (not too much or too little sugar)
Stay healthy

9. Homeostasis
Homeostasis- tendency of a system to maintain internal stability
The endocrine system maintains homeostasis in the body by regulating factors such as growth, development, and reproduction through the production of hormones.
Specifically, the pancreas’s Islet of Langerhans contains multiple cells that each contribute to the regulation of blood sugar levels.
Production of insulin or glucagon, depending on the situation, are vital to the regulation of the levels.

10. Homeostasis http://lvs-biology.wikispaces.com/Nervous+system
The alpha and beta cells release glucagon or insulin to regulate the level of sugar in the blood, thus resulting in homeostasis.
Interactions between the nervous and endocrine system
Both the nervous and endocrine systems have to do with regulation of body functions
The neurosecretory cells release hormones into the blood, which is similar to the endocrine system.
There are many chemicals that are hormones in both systems.
Both systems interact to regulate a number of physiological processes in the body.

11. Evolutionary Trend