1. THE BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION Industrial Revolution What was the Industrial Revolution? Increase in reliable machines and machine made goods Where and Why did it happen? Where: In England Why:

2. 1. Agricultural Revolution Enclosures – large public pastures were enclosed by fences for private land - forces many small farmers to move to cities to work Jethro Tull – invents the seed drill – more food production allows people to work other jobs 2. England had natural resources - England had coal, iron, rivers, harbors, etc...

3. 3. Strong Economy - Central bank system (gives loans) - Government was well established 4. England had needed factors of production - land, labor, and capital (wealth)

4. Inventions Spur Industrialization Changes in the Textile Industry The flying shuttle and spinning jenny speed up cloth production from cotton

5. The water frame used water power to drive spinning wheels

6. In 1793 American inventor Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin – machine that removed seeds from cotton These machines were too big to put in houses so the first factories were built

7. Improvements in Transportation James Watt – improves the steam engine in 1765 – becomes major source of power Robert Fulton – buys a steam engine from Watt and builds a steamboat in America The steam engine leads to the creation of the steam-driven railroad locomotive

8. INDUSTRIALIZATION (Ch.25 Sec.2 p.723-726) Industrialization Changes Life As factories became larger, cities began to grow with the increase of job seekers - Urbanization – building of cities and movement of people to cities Many English cities, especially London, experienced a booming population

9. Living Conditions Because cities grew so rapidly, living conditions became poor - Families lived in dark, dirty shelters, usually with only one bedroom - Cities had no sanitation codes and garbage piled up in the streets - Diseases like cholera killed many in urban slums - Average life span in a large city was 17 years

10. Working Conditions Factory workers on average worked 14 hours a day, 6days a week Factories were often dirty and poorly lit Many workers were injured from dangerous machines

11. Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution 1. Created jobs 2. Encouraged technological progress 3. Cheaper mass produced items (clothing) 4. Better housing 5. Workers eventually gain better working conditions, higher wages, and shorter hours