1. The Berlin Wall - At 2 a.m. on Aug. 13, 1961, a low, barbed-wire
barrier was strung between East and West Berlin. It effectively divided the city in half.
- East Germans were very poor and many were moving to West Germany.
- The Soviets built a wall to prevent East Germans from slipping into the West.
- This project almost launched the world into a
nuclear conflict

6. The Soviet Union: Rise and Fall
Chapter 20 (Sec. 4)
The Soviet Union: Rise and Fall
-After WWII, the USSR emerged as a superpower
- Stalin increased the Soviet sphere of influence across Europe

7. Nikita Khrushchev - emerged as the new Soviet leader in 1956
- began a policy of de-Stalinization: free political prisoners, and reduced censorship
- wanted the US and USSR to "peacefully coexistence"

8. Leonid Brezhnev - lead the USSR from the mid 1960's - 1982
- locked up dissidents (people who spoke out against the government)
- turned back to Stalin type policies

9. Successes in the Soviet Union
- government poured money into weapons and science
- launched the first satellite into orbit in 1957 (Sputnik)
- also put the first man into space
- low rent, cheap bread free health care, day care for children, low unemployment

10. Soviet Foreign Policy - Stalin asserted control over Easter Europe
- Khrushchev set up the Warsaw Pact in 1955

11. Developing countries
- the USSR sought to win friends in developing nations
- they offered these nations economic and military support (Cuba and other nations in Latin America)
- this policy eventually led to armed conflict

13. Soviets backed North Korea = Korean War (1950-53)
Soviets backed North Vietnam =Vietnam War
( )
Berlin Wall is constructed
Cuban Missile Crisis
Soviets invade Afghanistan
(this war drained the Soviet economy)

16. Collapse of the Soviet Union
Mikhail Gorbachev comes to power in
- sought to end cold war tensions with the US
- pulled Soviet troops out of Afghanistan
- signed arms control treaties with the US
 Glasnost - policy of openness
Perestroika - restructuring of the government
- these reforms brought economic chaos: prices soared and the Soviet "Ruble" became worthless

17. 1991: The Soviet Union Breaks up
- Estonia. Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, East Germany, Romania, Bulgaria break away from the USSR
- coup attempts to over throw Gorbachev, he resigns
- after 74 years, the Soviet Union ceased to exist

19. Russia - had been the largest of the Soviet nations
- Boris Yeltsin became President of Russia
- the country was in disarray
- organized crime flourished
- economically Russia collapsed, could not pay its soldiers

20. Chechnya
- Russian province that attempted to break away in 1994, turned into a major armed conflict

21. Russia Today
Vladimir Putin is elected President (former head of the Soviet secret police KGB)

24. Deterrence
The policy of making America and its allies so militarily strong that it would deter (discourage, prevent) any attack.

25. The Korean War
South Korea invaded by North Korean Communist forces
The U.N. votes to help S.K. repel the invasion

26. The Korean War United States/ South Korea VS North Korea/China
-Armistice signed in 1953
-No Real Victory

27. The Cuban Missile Crisis

28. The Cuban Missile Crisis

29. The Cuban Missile Crisis

30. The Cuban Missile Crisis
Oct. 1962
Soviets ship nuclear weapons capable of hitting the US to Cuba
President Kennedy orders a naval blockade of Cuba
Weapons are eventually returned to the Soviet Union

31. Vietnam

32. Vietnam