1. Cold War
The Cold War

2. Origins
By the end of World War II the alliance between the U.S and the Soviet Union was becoming undone.
The Soviet Union refused to relinquish control over Eastern Europe

3. U.S. Aims vs Soviet Aims
Create a new world order in which all nations had the right to self determination.
Rebuild Europe to ensure stability and create markets for the U.S.
Reunite Germany.
Encourage communism as a world wide struggle.
Rebuild Russia using Eastern Europe's equipment and raw materials.
Keep Germany divided and weak.

4. World War II Deaths
USSR – 25,000, USA 295,00

5. Containment The Truman administration adopted a policy of Containment.
Take measure to prevent the extension of communist rule.

6. The Truman Doctrine, put forth by President Harry Truman when he addressed Congress on March 12, 1947,
"The United States will defend free people and their free institutions at any place at any point in the world where outside communist aggression threatens that nation's internal stability."

7. Iron Curtain
From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe.
Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri, 1946

9. Marshall Plan
Marshall Plan: Offered aid to all European nations that need it.
By 1952 Western European countries were flourishing.

11. Berlin Airlift Stalin closes all roads to W. Berlin -1948
327 days of flights keeps W. Berlin going
May 1949 Soviets lift Blockade

13. NATO
To counter Soviet military power the U.S., Canada, and Western Europe formed the North Atlantic Treaty Alliance.

14. China In 1949 the communists under Mao Zedong take control of China.
Containment failed.
A growing fear of communism developed.

15. Soviets Get the Bomb
1949 The USSR explodes an atomic bomb.

16. Korea In 1950 Communist North Korea invaded South Korea.
The U.N. authorizes the sending of troops to stop North Korean aggression.

17. Korean Conflict
To counter U.N. advances into North Korea, China enters the war.
In 1952 Republican Dwight Eisenhower is elected president.
Pledged to end the conflict.
After two years of stalemate a truce is declared in 1953.

18. Red Scare
At the height of WWII approximately 100,000 U.S. citizens claimed membership in the Communist Party.
Many people began to fear communist influence in the U.S

19. Loyalty Review Board
In 1947 the Loyalty Review Board was established to investigate government employees.
Between employees were fired.
Another 2,900 resigned.

20. House Un-American Activities Committee
The HUAC formed in 1947 to investigate Communist influence both inside and outside the U.S. Government.

21. Hollywood Ten
The HUAC believed Communist in Hollywood were sneaking Communist propaganda into films.
43 witnesses from the Hollywood film industry were called to testify.
Ten “unfriendly witnesses” refused to cooperate.
They claimed the hearings were unconstitutional.
For refusing to answer questions all ten were sent to prison

22. For refusing to answer questions…
Hollywood executives blacklisted 500 actors, directors, writers and producers.
Unable to work most had their careers ruined.

23. Blacklists
Some individuals compiled and circulated their own blacklists, which were accepted by frightened employers and casting directors who feared being blacklisted themselves if they sought facts and fair play. The motives of some self-serving or vindictive accusers were summed up by Herb Block in a phrase:
"If you can't crush the commies, you can nail a neighbor."

24. Joseph McCarthy
Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy looking for an issue for re-election claimed that Communist were taking over the U.S. government.
In February 1950, at a Washington press conference, he waved sheets of paper claiming that he had uncovered 205 communist agents in the State Department.

25. McCarthyism
Taking advantage of people’s concern over communism McCarthy made unsupported accusations.
McCarthy claimed the Democratic Party was guilty of treason for allowing communist to infiltrate government.

26. McCarthy's Downfall
In 1954, McCarthy made accusations against the U.S. Army.
In a televised Senate hearing McCarthy bullied witnesses alienating the viewing audience.
The Senate censured McCarthy for bringing dishonor to the senate.
In 1957 McCarthy dies a broken man.