1. The Civil War

2. CIVIL WAR 1861- 1865 The Union was the northern states – Yankees
The Confederate was the southern states- Rebels

3. Causes of the Civil War
SLAVERY
Sectional Differences

4. Sectional Differences - NORTH
Land not as fertile, farmers – but not with large plantations
Used slaves until 1800’s
After 1800’s work came from immigrants – less expensive to hire than to buy a slave

5. Sectional differences - NORTH
Developed economy
Created environment where normal concept was free workers hired out for wages than slaves working
Strong in Protestant religion- valued moral strictness, economic independence and efforts to improve ones self.

6. Sectional differences - NORTH
Protestants disapproved of slavery
Thought is was an embarrassment to a republic dedicated to liberty and freedom

7. Sectionalism - SOUTH Land very fertile – long growing season
Large plantations
Tobacco and then cotton
slave labor in the south
By 1860’s- FOUR million black slaves had labored in the south

8. Events leading to CIVIL WAR
Compromise of 1850
Kansas- Nebraska Act
Dred Scott Case

9. Compromise of 1850
Slave trade to continue but prohibited slave trade in Washington D.C.
California admitted to union as free state
New territories could decide if free or slave state
Fugitive Law

10. Fugitive Law
If a slave escaped from the south, they were to be returned to the North
Abolitionists disobeyed fugitive slave law and created Underground Railroad
Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe on of the most effective attacks on fugitive slave trade

11. Kansas- Nebraska Act
1854 Act created territories of Kansas and Nebraska
Gave rights to people to decide if going to be a free or slave state – process known as “popular sovereignty”

12. Kansas- Nebraska Act Kansas was the first test
Majority voted against slavery
Proslavery forces refused to accept decision – led to violence
1861 Kansas admitted as free state

13. Dred Scott In 1857 Missouri slave – Dred Scott sued for his freedom
He and his master moved from Missouri to a free state and then a free territory
Scott claimed he was a free man since he lived in places where slavery were not recognized

14. Dred Scott
Chief Justice Roger B. Tuney said Scott , a black man, was NOT a citizen, therefore did not have the right to sue in US court.
Chief Justice also said federal government could not exclude slavery from territories
This angered Northerners because they thought it opened territories to slavery.

15. Political Happenings

16. Republican Party Established in the North – 1854
Opposed slavery and its extension into territories

17. Democrats
Split in 1860 into Northern and Southern Democratic parties due to issues of proslavery and antislavery

18. Abraham Lincoln Won all Electoral in free states except New Jersey
He received 4 of the 7 electoral votes there
Less than 40% of popular vote

19. Succession Begins Dec. 1860 South Carolina
Jan Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana
Feb. 4, these states formed the Confederate States of America
Jefferson Davis from Mississippi was elected president of Confederacy in 1861
March 2, 1861 Texas

20. Start of Civil War
Confederates fired on Fort Sumter, Charleston, South Carolina on April 12, 1861
Fort surrendered next day
April 15 – Lincoln called for Union troops to regain the fort
South saw it as declaration of war

21. More States leave
Virginia
Arkansas
North Carolina
Tennessee

22. Confederate States Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia Louisiana
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia

23. Union States California Connecticut Delaware Illinois Indiana Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Vermont
Wisconsin

24. Results of War 620,000 Soldiers died Union = 360,000
Confederacy = 260,000
One-half of all deaths caused by disease
South was destroyed
Bitterness between North and South

25. Results of War
Yankee ideals of hard work, education, and freedom helped encourage the development of United States as modern, industrial leader