2. Freud is Dead

3. What happened next? Neo-Freudians –People who continued to develop psychoanalytic theory Carl Jung Alfred Adler Karen Horney Erick Erikson

4. Carl Jung

5. Life of Jung Child of a minister Studied as a physician- psychiatrist In 1907 he went to Vienna and met Freud. Became the first President of the International Psychoanalytic Society Jung disagreed on several important points. And broke with him in 1913.

6. Major Differences Personal unconscious and a "collective unconscious“ Spiritual Reduced emphasis on “sexual” instincts

7. The Psyche The total personality Works with “life process energy” –Similar to libido, but “sexual” energy is only one type of energy

8. Life Process Energy Energy is created according to the principle of opposites Energy is created through conflict

9. Love Sex Ego Hate Abstinence Shadow

10. Life Process Energy Principle of equivalence –For any given quantity of energy expended in brining about a certain condition, an equal quantity of the same energy will be altered elsewhere

11. Increase WorkDecrease Spiritual Can’t express sexual desire CS Expressed in the UCS

12. Life Process Energy The principle of entropy –Elements of unequal strength will seek equilibrium

13. Outgoing Life of the party” Becomes board Tries to find meaning Becomes a more serious student One-sided development creates conflict – that we try to resolve

14. Parts of The Psyche Ego Contains CS perceptions, memories, thoughts, and feelings Ego “unites” these elements Gives a sense of unity and identity Similar to McAdam’s Level III

15. Parts of The Psyche Personal Unconscious Consists of all forgotten experiences Perhaps repressed or simply too weak to be CS Can be accessed by various means

16. Parts of The Psyche Collective Unconscious “A deposit of world processes embedded in the structure of the brain...a sort of timeless and eternal world-image...” The latent memories of our human and prehuman ancestry –Contains various archetypes

17. Archetypes Themes that have existed in all cultures throughout history Universal due to our common evolution and brain structure

18. Archetypes Example: People tend to respond to ambiguous and threatening situations in a particular way..

19. With an all-powerful being that we call God Thus, God is a universal symbol in our collective unconscious

20. Archetypes Persona –“Social Archetype” The persona is the public face (mask) one presents to the world for everyone else to see. Everyone has one (that’s why it’s an archetype) to deal with the world –Can be negative if doesn’t fit with “true self”

21. Archetypes The Shadow –“Evil Side” The dark side of your personality that contains the animal (and sexual) instincts. It is the opposite of the ego –It contains what our ego might reject Sadistic impulses Unacceptable sexual impulses Aggressive impulses

22. Archetypes The Shadow As an archetype the importance of the shadow is seen in its symbolic representation by devils, demons, and evil spirits.

23. Archetypes The Anima –A man’s “feminine” side Predisposes man to understand the nature of woman Serves as the sentimental inner face of the rational male persona Pros: Intuitive, warm, better understanding of feelings Cons: moody, “catty”, etc.

24. Archetypes The Animus –A woman’s “masculine” side Predisposes women to understand the nature of man Serves as the rational inner face of the sentimental female persona Pros: Reason and logic Cons: “... harping on some irrelevant weak points and making it into the main point... “

25. Archetypes The Self –A “potential” archetype in all of us Represents a goal Is achieved by exploring the UCS parts of psyche and learning more about these parts

26. Archetypes The Self Understanding the psyche as a whole Self provides stability and balance to the psyche

27. Jung thought the “self” was symbolically expressed in mandalas (magic circles)

28. Personal Unconscious Collective Unconscious Consciousness Consciousness Persona Ego Self Shadow Animus - Anima Outer World Inner World

29. Personal Unconscious Collective Unconscious Consciousness Consciousness Persona Ego Self Shadow Animus - Anima Outer World Inner World

30. Dreams Carl Jung believed a dreams content uses symbolic language He proposed that a dream expresses collective unconscious memories and instincts shared by all people. These are basic ideas that are themselves symbols.

31. Dreams I was riding in a car. The car stooped near this other vehicle from which a person came out and shot the trunk. It was clear in my dream that this was a robbery. Later, I saw myself as a prisoner on the back of a car shoving coin from a box. After all this, I saw my body flying away and I was trying to land on a hill but there was a lot of them and many of them were marked at the pick. I was afraid to land because some of them had traps.

32. Group Activity Discuss a single dream – what do you think it means? “Dreamscape” Symbols

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34. Sound familiar? Personality Analysis based on the Draw-a-Person-Test Analysis by: Patrick Markey Analysis of: Anonymous Personality Profile: 241-56-873-BC You enjoy change and variety in your life, but do not like to have things change too drastically. You are fairly ambitious but sometimes worry if you are making the right choices in your life. Sometimes you are insecure, but you don't think that other people realize this. You really value others' opinions and strive to obtain others' approval. You think a lot about your personal relationships because they are very important to you.

37. Alfred Adler

38. Life of Adler Born in Vienna in 1870 Third of seven children As a child very sick Work extremely hard, apparently in an effort to compensate for his initial weakness

39. Life of Adler Received his medical degree In 1901 meet Freud In 1910 became president of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society In 1911 resigned and started his own society Died in 1937

40. Individual Psychology Emphasizes the importance of considering the whole person Teleological Position –Behavior is influenced by future goals Ultimate goal is Superiority

41. Do you feel inferior?

42. Inferiority What is it like to be a child? Organ inferiority –What, as you child, you felt was your weakest attribute –As an adult you will strive to overcome this e.g., an academic, a runner, etc.

43. Feelings of Inferiority

44. Striving for personal superiority Striving for superiority to attain completion Two basic ways to deal with feelings of inferiority

45. Striving for Personal Superiority Overcome by dominating and exploiting others Others are seen as obstacles Likely leads to neurotic behavior

46. Striving for Superiority to Attain Completion Overcome by moving toward self perfection and completion Always try to improve self Do this through social interests –Cooperation with others that helps one attain own goals

47. Feelings of Inferiority Striving for personal superiority Striving for superiority to attain completion The path is largely determined in the first five years of life

48. Birth Order First born Middle child Last born Only child Each one has unique environments that they are exposed too

49. Group Activity Discuss your birth order and the birth order of siblings Can you come up with personality “types” that you think are related to these orders? What in the environment would cause these “types” to come about?

50. Birth Order First Born At the start was the center of attention. The “queen” of the house

51. Birth Order First Born “Dethroned monarch” Forced to share parental affection If parents have prepared child – will deal better with this change

52. Birth Order First Born Understands the importance of power Highly supportive of authorities Conservative and conforming Will attempt to regain “power” later in life (inferiority)

53. Birth Order Middle Children Views older child as a competitor

54. Birth Order Middle Children Views older child as a competitor If older child is supportive of younger attempts to excel, healthy development is more likely

55. Birth Order Middle Children Views older child as a competitor If older child is supportive of younger attempts to excel, healthy development is more likely If older is not supportive (mean), middle child might always set unrealistically high goals (ensuring failure)

56. Birth Order Last born “Baby” – tends to get most attention

57. Birth Order Last born If parents spoil child may be at risk for being excessively dependent on others for support and protection Wants to excel, but ultimately fails

58. Birth Order Only Children No siblings so is likely to be the center of attention

59. Birth Order Only Children If overly pampered may experience difficulty later in life when he/she learns that they are not universally admired.

60. Evidence First born –Feel a loss of power; spend their lives attempting to regain this power through outstanding achievement Negative correlations between birth order and intellectual performance

61. Evidence First born children are overrepresented among College students Graduate students Women doctors University faculty World Leaders Members of the U.S. Congress United States presidents –Not among unsuccessful presidential candidates

62. Evidence First born –Feel a loss of power; spend their lives attempting to regain this power through outstanding achievement More likely to challenge “status quo” –“Born to rebel” –Students arrested for civil disobedience are more likely to be first borns

63. Evidence First born –Feel a loss of power; spend their lives attempting to regain this power through outstanding achievement More likely to be Type A –Excessive competitive drive –Strong time urgency –Always try to do more!

64. Evidence Youngest child –More likely to be pampered; at risk for being dependent on others More likely to be alcoholics if they lack social support

65. Feelings of Inferiority Striving for personal superiority Striving for superiority to attain completion

66. Feelings of Inferiority Striving for personal superiority Striving for superiority to attain completion Constructive Lifestyle

67. “Socially useful type” Parents treated child with respect and consideration Learn importance of equality and cooperation Develop goals in accord with social interest –“Honesty and the best polity” –“do unto others as you would have them do unto you” –Career choices –Treat your family with respect and love

68. Feelings of Inferiority Striving for personal superiority Striving for superiority to attain completion Constructive Lifestyle Socially Useful Type

69. Feelings of Inferiority Striving for personal superiority Destructive Lifestyle Striving for superiority to attain completion Constructive Lifestyle Socially Useful Type Ruling Type Getting Type Avoiding Type

70. Destructive Lifestyle The Ruling Type Lack social interest and courage Strive for superiority by exploiting and harming others Try to control others to feel powerful Want to be rulers of other –Spouse –Children – “because I said so!” –Teachers

71. Destructive Lifestyle The Getting Type Passive and make little effort to solve own problems –Rely on others to take care of them Children of affluent parents who have little awareness of own abilities Surround self with others willing to do work for them –Usually very charming

72. Destructive Lifestyle The Avoiding Type Lack confidence Sidestep problems (avoid defeat) Often daydream and fantasizes that they are superior to others

73. Feelings of Inferiority Striving for personal superiority Destructive Lifestyle Striving for superiority to attain completion Constructive Lifestyle Socially Useful Type Ruling Type Getting Type Avoiding Type

74. Feelings of Inferiority Striving for personal superiority Destructive Lifestyle Neurosis Striving for superiority to attain completion Constructive Lifestyle Psychological Health Socially Useful Type Ruling Type Getting Type Avoiding Type

75. Questionnaire Treat all people equally. Am a good listener. Believe that everyone's rights are equally important. Give everyone a chance.

76. Questionnaire Am committed to principles of justice and equality. Believe that everyone should have a say. I don’t take advantage of others.

77. Evidence Socially Useful Type Constructive Lifestyle Psychological Health

78. Evidence People with high “Social Interest” Trustworthy Socially adjusted Nurturing Helpful Less depression and anxiety Less lonely Less narcissistic Less Hostile Greater satisfaction with life Emotionally closer to relatives and friends Less likely to manipulate others More likely to sense love from others Socially Useful Type Constructive Lifestyle Psychological Health

79. Feelings of Inferiority Striving for personal superiority Destructive Lifestyle Neurosis Striving for superiority to attain completion Constructive Lifestyle Psychological Health Socially Useful Type Ruling Type Getting Type Avoiding Type

81. Karen Horney

82. Anxiety!

85. What makes you anxious? What about UCS anxiety? Where does it come from? What are its effects on personality?

86. Basic Ideas Who are you?

87. Basic Ideas Real Self Everyone has a special set of potentials that can flourish

88. Basic Ideas Real Self With respect proper support one will see what these potentials are and will be able to express them

89. Basic Ideas Real Self If one does not receive proper guidance and is treated with a lack of respect, it will cause the person to be alienated from their “real self”

90. Basic Ideas Real Self Idealized Self Image of self (typically involves images of power and abilities)

91. Basic Ideas Real Self Image of self (typically involves images of power and abilities) Idealized Self

92. Basic Ideas Real Self The self as it is at the moment Idealized Self Actual Self

93. Basic Ideas Real Self The self as it is at the moment Idealized Self Actual Self Anxiety!

94. Basic Ideas Real Self The self as it is at the moment Idealized Self Actual Self Anxiety!

95. Basic Ideas Real Self Idealized Self Anxiety!

96. Basic Anxiety In children – the feeling of being isolated and helpless in a potentially hostile world

97. Anxiety Basic Anxiety Anxiety created from differences between real and idealized self

98. Coping with Anxiety Three basic trends Compliant types Aggressive types Detached types

99. Compliant types “Moving towards people” Need to be liked, wanted, loved, and protected by others Neurotic need for affection Neurotic need for a partner to take over one’s life Neurotic need to restrict one's life within narrow borders

100. Aggressive Types “Moving against people” Believe others are untrustworthy and hostile – try to be tough Neurotic need for power Neurotic need to exploit others Neurotic need for social recognition Neurotic need for admiration

101. Detached Types “Moving away from people” Self-sufficiently and perfection Neurotic need for independence Neurotic need for perfection

102. Development Both basic anxiety and the difference between real and idealized are influenced by parents. Why?

103. Parents Culture Hypercompetitiveness –The need to compete and win to avoid losing at any cost

104. Evidence Hypercompetitiveness The core for basic anxiety in America –Extremely hypercompetitive individuals likely grew up in families with parents also with this trait Will likely lead to neuroticism