1. The Democratic Information Architecture: Government as Nexus Angela Newell Dissertation Defense LBJ School of Public Affairs The University of Texas at Austin May 19, 2011

2. Architecture of Defense Basic Constructs The Motivation for Mapping Key Questions Democratic Innovation (In theory) Laying Down the Law: The Legal Structure of New Technology Of Starfish and Spiders: The Architecture of Interaction Ideas That Scale: The New Technology Value Construct The Nexus 2

3. 3 Information Government Information government (i- government) deals largely with understanding the flows of information within, to, and from government.

4. E-government to I-government 4

5. 5 E-Government – Transactional – One-way information flow – Business management – Government defined – Command and Control – Proprietary – G2C, C2G, C2C I-Government – Collaborative – Multi-path information flow – Knowledge management – User defined – Networks – Open standards – We E-Government vs. I-Government

6. I-Government Tools Wikis: Congresspedia, Intellopedia, and Diplopedia Open Data Data Programming Interfaces Ideation Tools Multimedia Interfaces Blogs Social Networking Second Life Government World Data Mirrors 6

7. The Motivation for Mapping 7

8. Key Questions Are we shifting from e-government to i- government? If so, what is the nature of that shift? What is the return on investment, if any, in shifting form e-government to i-government? 8

9. Democratic Innovation Systems versus Structure Command and Control (Weber) Technology Enactment (Fountain) From E-government to I-government – Transaction to Interaction – Collaborative Democracy – New Partners – Government as Convener 9

10. Refining the Lens E-government to I-government – Legal Infrastructure – Architecture Value Construct – Information Quality – Customer Service – The Value Conversation 10

11. Laying Down the Law E-governmentI-government E-government Act of 2002Open Government Directive 2009 The President and CongressObama The business of governmentTransparency, participation, collaboration MANAGEMENT REFORMManagement reform SilosNew Partners ParticipationCollaboration New TechnologyNew technologies Efficiency, effectivenessInnovation Strategery 11

12. The Technologies Transaction – Enterprise Architecture Interaction – Transparency – Participation – Collaboration 12

13. The Enterprise 13

14. Transparency 14

15. Participation 15

16. Collaboration 16

17. The Law Laid Down Legal structures for e-government and i- government differ significantly – Implementation – Evaluation – Budget Champion required Sustainability Two new concepts – Collaborative democracy – Government as platform for innovation 17

18. Of Starfish and Spiders 18

19. Decoding the Map Blue: for links (the A coding tag) to external web pages Red: for tables (TABLE, TR and TD coding tags) that allow for inputs Green: for the DIV coding tag that separates major pages within a web site Violet: for image (the IMG coding tag) pages within a website Yellow: for forms (FORM, INPUT, TEXTAREA, SELECT and OPTION coding tags) Orange: for linebreaks and blockquotes (BR, P, and BLOCKQUOTE coding tags) Black: the HTML tag, the root node Gray: all other coding tags 19

20. Transaction 20

21. Mapping Transaction 21

22. 22 Interaction

23. Mapping Interaction 23

24. Architectural Differences Clear architectural differences exist between transactional and interactive systems – Larger – More linking activity – More spread out – More varied nodes and pages New Architectural Problems – Small worlds – Collapsing links 24

25. Ideas that Scale An assessment of information quality A quantitative evaluation of the customer service value as related to use of interactive Internet technologies A content analysis of the value conversation 25

26. Ideas that Scale: Information Quality 26

27. IdeaScale 27

28. Difference in Difference Model 28

29. Ideas that Scale 29

30. The Value Conversation Agencies identify new technology as: 1)Cost reduction mechanism 2)Genitor of increased participation 3)Mechanism for time reduction in completing tasks 4)Promoter of collaboration, or 5)Instrument in agency value creation and perpetuation 30

31. Primary Beneficiary of New Technology Products 1)The public 2)Partner agencies 3)Project participants 4)Themselves 31

32. Value Construct??? Information is evaluated for quality, but the meaning is unclear – Usability – Data trails Ideas do scale, customer service value does exist There is a value conversation, but no consistent value or audience for value 32

33. Key Question Insights Legally different and distinct Architecturally different and distinct No discernable value construct, but some discernable value Open data Collaborative democracy Government as innovation platform 33

34. The Nexus 34

35. Policy Vision To develop new information and knowledge management practices within government 35 To develop new governance practices

36. Policy Recommendations Government as knowledge broker De-couple open government and new technology Bi-lateral support with new legislation Develop value constructs Develop outreach and culling practices Develop new vocabulary around organizational structure, role as knowledge broker and convener 36

37. Literature Contributions 37 The idea of an emerging organizational form A comprehensive assessment of open government and the technologies associated with open government Data, data, data

38. The Path Forward Interactive Communities Open Data International Comparison Value Construct 38