1. Warm-Up
Gallery Walk: Take a walk around the room and decide where the actions given on the placards match the goals stated in the Preamble

2. The Preamble
Open to the Preamble of the Constitution (p. 95) and for each of the six purposes of the Constitution, give an example of how the government accomplishes that purpose.

3. Principles of the Constitution
Civics Unit 2
Principles of the Constitution
(Ch. 3.4)
A Constitution is a document that outlines how a nation will be governed

4. Federalism –power is shared between the national government and the state governments
a. working together for the benefit of all
b. the states must approve all amendments in order to change the Constitution

5. III. Separation of Powers
Three branches of Federal Government: Congress, President, and Supreme Court
Article I- Legislative
Article II- Executive
Article III- Judicial
E. Checks and balances
keep the branches in check

6. A Congress: Federal (bicameral) B General Assembly: State (bicameral)
Legislative Branch –differences between federal and state and local legislatures
A Congress: Federal (bicameral)
B General Assembly: State (bicameral)
C City Council: City ( board of members)

7. Executive Branch: to execute or carry out laws
A: President w/Cabinet Officers- Federal
B: Governor w/ Council of State- State
C: Mayor w/ City Council- City/Local level

8. Judicial Branch- to judge or interpret and clarify laws.
A: Supreme Court – Federal
B: NC Supreme Court- State

9. IV. Checks and Balances
L>E: impeachment, override veto, reject appointments and treaties
L>J: impeachment, reject appointments
E>L: veto (also head of party, “bully pulpit”)

10. E>J: appoint judges, pardon
J>E: declare actions unconstitutional
J>L: declare laws unconstitutional

11. V. Limited Government
Government may only do the things that people have given them the power to do
Constitutionalism- gov’t must follow the law
Bill of rights- designed to limit federal government
Article I, Sec 9- powers DENIED to Congress
Article I, Sec 10- powers DENIED to the States

12. VI. Federalism -gov’t power divided between federal and state
Expressed Powers or “enumerated powers”- powers written out specifically in constitution

13. Implied Powers- powers not expressly stated
“Necessary and Proper” (or “Elastic”) Clause
allows Congress to make laws to expand upon enumerated powers
ex: creation of executive agencies, social programs, economy regulation

14. Reserved Powers- powers reserved specifically for the states
marriage and divorce, public schools, liquor laws
full faith and credit clause- each state must recognize the laws, decisions of other states
Concurrent Powers- powers both national and state gov’ts have (ex: collect taxes, crime and punishment)

15. Supremacy Clause (Article VI)
Delegated Powers- powers held by Fed gov’t only (naturalization, postal service, copyrights and patents).
Supremacy Clause (Article VI)
Constitution is the Supreme law of the land
Laws and treaties passed by Federal gov’t supreme over the states

16. Powers in the Constitution
Civics Unit 2
Powers in the Constitution

17. I. Legislative Branch (Art. I)
All Legislative powers: make the laws
Session- time Congress meets
Special session- can be called by the President

18. House of Representatives
“house of the people”- popularly elected
435 members (number set by law)
term is for 2 years
Qualifications- 25 years old, citizen for 7 years, live in state and district
Speaker of the House- head of party in power and overseer of house

19. Gerrymandering- drawing district lines for the advantage of a particular party

20. Senate “house of the states” –originally elected by state legislatures
100 members- 2 per state
term is 6 years (1/3 elected every 2 years)
Qualifications- 30 years old, citizen for 9 years, live in state

21. 17th Amendment- allowed people to vote for Senators
V.P. is “president” of Senate- votes in ties- Who?
President Pro Tempore- overseer of Senate- Daniel Inouye.
Daniel Inouye

22. Powers of Congress Enumerated (Art I, Sec. 8)
Tax and budget (power of the purse)
Regulate interstate and international commerce
Immigration
Coin money
Patents and copyrights
Inferior courts to Supreme Court
Declare war
Raise army and navy
Regulate federal land and “seat of gov’t”

23. Powers DENIED congress (Art I, Sec 9)
Commerce compromise (no tax exports, slave trade end after 20 years)
Suspend writ of Habeas Corpus- have to be present for your trial
No Ex Post Facto Laws- makes it a crime after it was done
No Bills of Attainders- punishment without trial

24. II. Executive Branch (Art. II)
Chief Executive
appoint top level officials (Cabinet) with “the advice and consent of Senate”
running of the government (bureaucracy)

25. Chief Diplomat
make treaties (formal agreements with other countries) with 2/3 of Senate
Recognition- formally acknowledges another country
send and receive ambassadors

26. Commander and Chief civilian in charge of military
only Congress can “declare war”
War Powers Act- designed to limit the president’s power, strengthen Congress
Notify Congress in 48 hours
After 60 days must have approval from joint resolution of Congress (30 day extension)

28. Legislative Powers
Executive orders- orders with the force of law w/o Congress needed
“message power”- recommended
State of the Union
call special sessions of Congress

29. Submit a budget for Congressional approval
“take care” laws are “faithfully executed”
Approve or Veto legislation
Veto
Approve
Do nothing (for 10 days)
If Congress is not in session: Pocket Veto- bill dies
If Congress is in session: bill passes

30. Judicial powers Nominates federal judges Pardon- relieve all charges
commutation- reduce a sentence
reprieve- spare from death penalty

31. III. Judicial Branch (Art. III)
Jurisdiction- allows a court to hear the case
Original Jurisdiction- a specific court MUST hear that case
State laws in state courts, federal laws in federal courts
conflicts between states is Supreme Court

32. Appellate Jurisdiction- only hear appeal of case
Appeal- reviewing a lower court’s ruling
Long, difficult appeal process
Supreme Court chooses the cases they hear otherwise accept previous ruling
9 Justices- 8
plus 1 Chief Justice.
5. Serve for Life
Impeachment, death or
Retirement.