1. What did THEY come up with?

2. The Fight in Philly! Main focal points:
Distribution of power between state and national governments
Separation of powers at the national level
The Legislative Branch!!
The Virginia Plan (large state plan)
Representation by population
The New Jersey Plan (small state plan)
Representation by state
The Great Compromise
Do BOTH == bicameral legislature
Slaves?
South: they are people (just not free) so they count for population and are represented by gov’t but can’t vote
North: not free, can’t vote, don’t count
COMPRIMISE: 3/5 # of slave population gets added to free population to get state’s adjusted population for purposes of representation only

3. Federalism Powers of the National government Powers of the
state
governments
Powers of the
state
governments
Powers of the
state
governments
Powers of the
state
governments
Powers of the
state
governments

4. National Gov’t = Divide Power
Checks on the Legislature
Can propose laws
Can veto laws
Can call special sessions of Congress
Makes appointments to federal posts
Negotiates foreign treaties
Legislative
Executive
Checks on the Executive
Can override presidential veto
Confirms executive appointments
Ratifies treaties
Can declare war
Appropriates money
Can impeach & remove president
Division of
Powers
Checks on the Judicial
Creates lower federal courts
Can impeach and remove judges
Approves appointments of federal judges
Can propose amendments to overrule judicial decisions
Checks on the Legislature
Can declare acts of Congress unconstitutional
Checks on the Executive
Can declare executive actions unconstitutional
Checks on the Judicial
Can pardon federal offenders
Appoints federal judges
Judicial

5. Bicameral Legislature
Large vs. Small States
Senate
Fewer members (2 per state)
All states equal
Intended to represent the States
6 yr. terms (no limits)
Power to ratify executive appointments/treaties
House of Representatives
Many representatives
# of Reps. based on population of state
Intended to represent the people
2 yr. terms (no limits)
“Power of the Purse”
Bicameral Legislature

6. The Presidency Fear of the population Fear of the States
Stupid, uneducated, mob mentality
“tyranny of the majority”
Fear of the States
Not very democratic to let state elites choose
State interests vs. popular interests
Logistical limitations about counting votes
Independence of executive branch?
How to choose????
Electoral college
People get to vote (poplar election?)
BUT they vote for “electors” – chosen by state (the “right sort”)
# of electors per state = # Reps + # Senators
Electors meet and vote
Most votes = President
2nd most votes = VP
What does he do?
Pretty vague!
Going to be determined by PRECENDENT of 1st couple presidents!

7. HUGE issues with final document
Must be ratified (approved) by state legislatures before it comes into effect
Need for a Bill of Rights to prevent against oppressive gov’t
Many felt this was already included in the state constitutions
Fear that this gives too much power to the national gov’t
Fear that executive not strong enough
Federalists vs. Anti-federalists!
Who is representing each side?
Role of the Federalist papers?
(Is anyone going to believe a guy named Publius???)

8. Typically small farmers & settlers
Federalists
Anti-Federalists
Leaders
Washington
Franklin
Madison
Hamilton
Mason
Henry
Winthrop
Hancock
Clinton
Arguments
Stronger central gov’t to maintain order and preserve Union
(much) Stronger central gov’t would destroy work of Revolution, limit democracy, restrict states’ rights
Strategy
Emph. weaknesses of AoC; show opponents as negative with no solutions
Argued that propsed Const. had no protection for ind. Rights; gave central gov’t more power than Br. Gov’t ever had
Advantages
Strong leaders
Well organized
Appealed to popular distrust of gov’t
Disadvantages
Const. new & untried
Lacked a Bill of Rights
Poorly organized
Slow to respond to Fed. challenge
Both found
everywhere
Most numerous
in large cities
Typically small farmers & settlers
on western frontier

9. The difference between Federalists & Anti-Federalists
You should also know…
The difference between Federalists & Anti-Federalists
Who was on each side (big names & key states)
The role of the Federalist Papers
What the Bills of Rights says
How the Constitution got ratified