1. A New Nation Republic- citizens rule through elected representatives Republic- citizens rule through elected representatives Articles of Confederation Articles of Confederation –Alliance, loose union of friendship –Federal Governments powers Declare war, peace, make treaties Declare war, peace, make treaties Borrow and set up money system Borrow and set up money system Postal Service Postal Service

2. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Success of Articles Of Confederation Success of Articles Of Confederation –Procedure to divide land in NW Territory WI. MI, IL, IN, OH WI. MI, IL, IN, OH –Requirements for admission as New State –Outlawed slavery in new territory

3. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation No power to tax Could not enforce the laws Could not regulate trade Could not be changed without consent of all 13 states No direct power over citizens

4. Shays Rebellion Daniel Shays – served as captain in the revolutionary armyDaniel Shays – served as captain in the revolutionary army After war immediately forced to pay debtsAfter war immediately forced to pay debts Lead march on courts to stop process of seizing farmsLead march on courts to stop process of seizing farms About 1200 men march to Springfield to take state ammunitions arsenalAbout 1200 men march to Springfield to take state ammunitions arsenal State hired mercenaries to fight rebelsState hired mercenaries to fight rebels State intercepted letter with plansState intercepted letter with plans Rebellion surrenderedRebellion surrendered Daniel Shays was sentenced to death but pardon in 1788Daniel Shays was sentenced to death but pardon in 1788 Why was it important?Why was it important? Proved that new government was powerless in times of crisisProved that new government was powerless in times of crisis Led to the Constitutional conventionLed to the Constitutional convention

5. The Constitutional Convention Philadelphia 1787 Supposed to fix Articles of Confederation Supposed to fix Articles of Confederation Led to Creation of Constitution and new Government Led to Creation of Constitution and new Government

6. Three Great Compromises of Constitutional Convention The Great Compromise The Great Compromise –Two House Congress Senate- equal representation Senate- equal representation House of Reps- based on population House of Reps- based on population

7. Three Great Compromises of Constitutional Convention 3/5ths Compromise 3/5ths Compromise –Slaves counted as 3/5ths of person –Taxation and population

8. Three Great Compromises of Constitutional Convention Commerce and Slave trade Commerce and Slave trade –Congress forbidden to tax exports –No action of slave trade for 20 years

9. Federalist vs. Anti Federalists Federalists Federalists –Favored Constitution –Believed must be strong to solve problems Anti-Federalists Anti-Federalists –Opposed Constitution because Federal Government was to strong –Wanted Bill of Rights to protect Individual Freedom

10. A New Nation Washington as President Washington as President –Warned against alliances Stayed neutral in foreign wars Stayed neutral in foreign wars –Did not like political parties or geographic divisions ( New England, South etc.) –Set precedent for 2 terms by not running for third

11. A New Nation Washington and Congress create a working government Washington and Congress create a working government Judiciary Act 1789 Judiciary Act 1789 –Created Supreme, Federal and District Courts –Set up appeals process 3 Executive Departments 3 Executive Departments –Dept. of State: Sec. Thomas Jefferson  Foreign Affairs –Dept. of War: Sec. Henry Knox  Military matters –Dept. of Treasury: Sec. Alexander Hamilton  Manage finances

12. The Two Party System Federalists Federalists –Hamilton –Strong Central government –Supporters-merchant, landowners, manufacturers Democratic-Republicans Democratic-Republicans –Jefferson –Strong State Government –Supporters-farmers, trades people