1. Chapter Outline Chapter 23: Africa and the Middle East During the Age of European Imperialism ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present I. European Conquest of Africa II. European Technology and the African Response III. The Mineral Revolution in South Africa and the Anglo-Boer War IV. Colonial Rule in Africa V. The Ottoman Empire Refashioned VI. Persia and the Great Power Struggle

2. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 23: Africa and the Middle East During the Age of European Imperialism ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. European Conquest of Africa A. Belgium King Leopold II 1876, International African Association Henry Stanley (1841-1904) B. Germany Otto von Bismarck from 1884: 4 colonies C. France east from Senegal D. British Egypt Fashoda Incident, 1898 near Khartoum H. H. Kitchener South Africa Witwatersrand gold

3. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 23: Africa and the Middle East During the Age of European Imperialism ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. II. European Technology and the African Response A. Resistance Samori Touré (c.1830-1900) > Mandinke kingdom exiled, 1898 Sudan Muhammad Ahmad (1844-84) “Mahdi,” 1881 1884, siege of Khartoum Rhodesia Charwe v. British South Africa Company Spirit mediums Ambuya Nehanda, Kagubi executed, 1898 Ethiopia Yohannes IV replaced by Menelik (1844-1913) emperor, 1889 Addis Ababa 1889, Treaty of Wuchale, Italy Italian and Amharic versions

4. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 23: Africa and the Middle East During the Age of European Imperialism ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. III. The Mineral Revolution in South Africa and the Anglo-Boer War A. Discoveries 1867, diamonds 1886, gold, Witwatersrand Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902) Barney Barnato (1852-97) B. Immigration uitlanders Paul Kruger (1825-1904) Rhodes and uitlanders invasion of Transvaal Anglo-Boer war, 1899-1902 Southern Africa, c. 1914

5. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 23: Africa and the Middle East During the Age of European Imperialism ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. IV. Colonial Rule in Africa A. Varieties British indirect “Warrant chiefs” French assimilation Portuguese assimilados, indigenas B. Economy plantations v. cash crops “Red Rubber” C. Social and Religious Change Football clubs Nigeria, Nnamdi Azikiwe ‘Zik’ Athletic clubs D. Christianity and Islam Ethiopia 1892, Mangena Mokone > Ethiopian Church John Chilembwe Nyasaland 1915, uprising model, John Brown Spirit Churches Aladura churches, Nigeria Mali, Shaykh Hamallah (1883-1943) Tariqa (brotherhoods) Sufi Senegal, Mourides brotherhood Shaykh Ahmand Bamba (1850- 1927) Shadhiliya

6. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 23: Africa and the Middle East During the Age of European Imperialism ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. IV. Colonial Rule in Africa E. New Britains: Kenya and Rhodes Kenya Kikuyu > “squatters” Rhodesia Land Apportionment Act of 1930 F. White Exploitation in the Union of South Africa Prime Ministers (Afrikaners) Louis Botha (1863-1919) Jan Smuts (1870-1950) J. B. M. Hertzog (1866-1942) 1925, Afrikaans official

7. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 23: Africa and the Middle East During the Age of European Imperialism ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. V. The Ottoman Empire Refashioned A. Challenges Ayan (regional governors) Janissaries Russia 1774, Kuchuk Kaynarca B. Ottoman Reform Sultan Selim III (1789-1806) Janissary resistance Sultan Mahmud II (1808-39) French language Prussian, French military C. Challenging Ottoman Sovereignty in Europe Nationalism > separatists 1830, Serbia Greece Crimean War (1854-56)

8. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 23: Africa and the Middle East During the Age of European Imperialism ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. V. The Ottoman Empire Refashioned D. Egypt: Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali Ottoman commander 1801, French leave opposition Mamluks Wahhabis E. The Suez Canal 1854, Said Ferdinand de Lesseps 1869, opening Egyptian debt > British takeover, 1882 F. Dinshaway Incident, 1906 Lord Cromer G. North Africa West of Egypt Morocco, Filali Dynasty Didi Muhammad (1757-90) U.S. concessions, 1786 French, 1912 Algiers 1830, Charles X invades Tunis 1881, French protectorate H. Young Ottomans Tanzimat, 1839-76 Sultan Abdulaziz, deposed, 1876 Abdulhamid II (1876-1909) I. Young Turks 1889 — Committee for Union and Progress 1908 — Young Turks

9. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 23: Africa and the Middle East During the Age of European Imperialism ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. VI. Persia and the Great Power Struggle A. Qajar Rule and the Tobacco Rebellion from 1794, Qajar rule Nasir al-Din Shah (1848-96) British monopoly on tobacco Shi’ite ulama opposed > 1891, Tobacco rebellion B. The Persian Constitutional Revolution 1905, strikes, demonstrations, massacres Constituent National Assembly 1906, Muhammad Ali Shah (1907-09) > civil war 1909, Muhammad Ali Shat deposed C. The Great Power Struggle for the East Afghanistan 1881-1901 Amir Abdur Rahman 1907, Anglo-Russian Entente