2. FOCUS AREARS INTRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS IN SA International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT CONVENTION WRECK REMOVAL CONVENTION HNS CONVENTION BUNKERS CONVENTION GREENHOUSE GAS EMMISIONS FROM SHIPS RECEPTION FACILITIES INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS IN SA INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION FROM SHIPS (MARPOL) INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON OIL POLUTION PREPAREDNES, RESPONSE AND CO-OPERATION AND OPRC-HNS PROTOCOL1990, BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT CONVENTION GREEN HOUSE GAS EMMISIONS FROM SHIPS WRECK REMOVAL CONVENTION BUNKERS CONVENTION FOCUS AREAS

3. FOCUS AREARS INTRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS IN SA International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT CONVENTION WRECK REMOVAL CONVENTION HNS CONVENTION BUNKERS CONVENTION GREENHOUSE GAS EMMISIONS FROM SHIPS RECEPTION FACILITIES ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS IN SA INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION FROM SHIPS (MARPOL) BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT CONVENTION WRECK REMOVAL CONVENTION HNS CONVENTION BUNKERS CONVENTION GREENHOUSE GAS EMMISIONS FROM SHIPS RECEPTION FACILITIES WORLD SEABORNE TRADE BY COUNTRY GROUP AND REGION, 2009 (percentage share in tonnage) SOURCE: UNCTAD 2010 report

4. Deals with the prevention of pollution (oil, chemicals, harmful substances, sewage and garbage) from ships of the marine environment and by ships from operational or accidental causes. It is a combination of two treaties adopted in 1973 and 1978 respectively and also includes the Protocol of 1997 (Annex VI) It has been updated by amendments through the years. Annex I Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil (entered into force 2 October 1983) Annex II Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk, Annex III Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form (entered into force 1 July 1992), Annex IV Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships (entered into force 27 September 2003) Annex V Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships (entered into force 31 December 1988) Annex VI Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships (entered into force 19 May 2005) INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION FROM SHIPS (MARPOL)

5. International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation (OPRC 1990), The Protocol defines Hazardous and Noxious Substances as substances besides oil, which, if spilled into the marine environment, can create hazards to human health, living resources and marine life and damage facilities or to interfere other officially authorized uses of the sea. Provision of assistance by Member States to the extent possible and feasible, to other States in the event of a pollution emergency is required. There is a provision for the reimbursement of any assistance provided. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON OIL POLUTION PREPAREDNES, RESPONSE AND CO-OPERATION AND OPRC-HNS PROTOCOL1990,

6. IN RESPONSE TO ANNEX IV,V AND VI Port Authorities are mandated to provide of reception facilities, Service Providers for the collection of waste from ships to get accreditation from the IMO as outlined in the convention, PROVISION OF SALVAGE OPERATIONS AND POLUTION RESPONSE Member States and Designated Authorities party to the OPRC 1990 and OPRC-HNS Protocol are required to develop, a national contingency plan and procure response equipment, Undertake regular training and exercises. Bilateral or Multilateral agreements on preparedness for, and response to, pollution incidents involving HNS. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION FROM SHIPS MARPOL

7. SALVAGE OPERATIONS

8. Contribution to GHG emissions was estimated at 1008 mt in 2006 Conference of Parties (CoP) 17 CMP 7 to the Kyoto Protocol for the United Nations Conference Reduce and stabilise Green House Gas concentration from Ships Operationalisation of the Cancun (Mexico) agreement and political matters arising from the Bali Roadmap Gather and share information on how to reduce Green House Gas Emissions, National policies and best practices Adopt an African position and launch of National strategies to address Green House Gas emisions Emissions and provision of finance and technological support for developing countries Cooperate in preparing adaptation impacts of Climate change Monitor progress from various countries to deal with Climate change GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS

9. Adopting a pragmatic approach to reduce Green House Gas Emissions (invest in training and development) Introduction of renewable energy products such as (wind farms, solar energy, bio fuel production and waste to energy power, low heater water projects) Introduction of green economy is identified as one of the National projects for job creation (companies to assist governments to achieve this outcome) The establishment of green industries as outlined in the National Growth Path and Industrial Policy Action Plan (IPAP 2) Introduction of Carbon tax on Ships Energy efficiency design for Ships Index (investment in shipyards to update their technology for designing ships) Ships energy efficiency plan for all ships (training and development, monitoring and evaluation) Waste Management companies INVESTMENT OPOTUNITIES : GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS

10. Invasive Aquatic Species Vessels carry thousand tons of water to maintain proper buoyancy and stability. As cargo is unloaded in port, water is drawn into the Ship’s Ballast tanks, or to load cargo, ballast water is discharged from the ship. This water contain millions of unseen aquatic organisms both animal and plant species that are transported from one ecosystem to another via the ballast tanks. The effort to stop the spread of this invasive aquatic organism countries spend a lot millions of dollars annually. Ballast Tank Corrosion A ship’s ballast tank is a highly corrosive environment. Salty water, acts as a catalyst to cause steel to rust, causing a major maintenance cost problem for the Ship and significantly reducing the useful life span of the Vessel International Convention for the Control and Management of Ship's Ballast Water and Sediments

11. In 2004, the Member State of the IMO adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ship's Ballast Water and Sediments. Regulation B-3 of the Convention describes the schedule for the implementation of the Convention. Regulation D-2 of the Convention describes the discharge (or treatment) standards for Ballast Water. Regulation D-3 describes the procedure for approval of Ballast Water Management Systems used to comply with the Convention. There is an additional Guideline for Ballast Water Management Systems that make use of active substances: International Convention for the Control and Management of Ship's Ballast Water and Sediments

12. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has adopted a Ballast Water Management Convention which, upon ratification, will require all commercial Ships to install and operate BWTS on a scheduled roll-out beginning in 2012 Investment opportunities for the Ship building industry Establishment of Ballast Water Management Systems by complying to the IMO's Ballast Water Discharge Standards Periodic maintenance of Ballast Water tanks INVESTMENT OPPOTUNITIES

13. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

14. OTHER MARITIME CONVENTIONS WRECK REMOVAL CONVENTION. BUNKERS CONVENTION. THE HONG KONG INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR SAFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SOUND RECYCLING OF SHIPS. ETC

15. THE RACE IS NOT TO THE SWIFT OR BATTLE TO THE STRONG NOR DOES FOOD COME TO THE WISE OR WEALTH TO THE BRILIANT OR FAVOUR TO THE LEANERD BUT TIME AND CHANCE HAPPEN TO THE ALL

16. THANK YOU ENKOSI DANKIE NDIYABONGA ASHANTE KE A LEBOGA MERCI BOUKOUP