1. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fresh Kills: Landfill to Park

2. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fresh Kills Landfill…………Freshkills Park Gyatso.net Nymag.com Gyatso.net

3. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Which of the following most accurately describes current waste management goals? A.Relocating all waste safety away from human centers B.Converting all waste to energy sources C.Recycling all waste D.Reducing waste, recovering useful materials, dispensing of remaining waste safely

4. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings 22_00CO.JPG Waste Management Goals: Source Reduction Recover and Recycle Safe, effective disposal

5. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings What is the largest component of MSW before recycling and composting? A.Paper B.Glass C.Plastic D.Food

6. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

7. What is the largest component of MSW after recycling and composting? A.Paper B.Glass C.Plastic D.Food

8. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

10. According to this data, about how much of our MSW ended up in landfills in 2012? A.100% B.75% C.50% D.25%

11. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings At what average annual rate (%) did generation of MSW increase between 1960 and 2012?

12. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings What was the % increase of MSW discarded to landfills between 1960 and 2012?

13. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

15. What can you infer about U.S. population from this graph ? A.Nothing, it is a graph about MSW B.It has decreased since 1960 C.It has increased since 1960 D.It has been stable since 1960

16. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings What federal act sets standards for sanitary landfills? A.CERCLA B.Superfund C.RCRA D.Soil Conservation Act

17. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Sanitary Landfill Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) 1976, 1984 sets standards

18. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings The RCRA requires all but which of the following? Landfills must: A.be located away from faults, wetlands, and flood plains B.protect groundwater and the underlying soil from leachate releases C.Include groundwater monitoring wells D.Recover methane for heating or electricity generation

19. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Freshkillspark.org

20. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Methane collection at Fresh Kills

21. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings How is methane generated in landfills? A.Photosynthetic bacteria B.Aerobic respiration by decomposers C.Anaerobic respiration by decomposers D.Decomposition reaction between organic compounds and water

22. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Which is true regarding landfill methane? A.It can cause fires or explosions B.It is a greenhouse gas C.It can be used as energy D.All of the above are true

23. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

25. Energy generation from landfill methane

26. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Methane generation by source www.epa.gov

27. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

31. Fig. 22-13, p. 533 No open burning Trade-Offs Sanitary Landfills AdvantagesDisadvantages Eventually leaks and can contaminate groundwater Discourages recycling, reuse, and waste reduction Slow decomposition of wastes Groundwater contamination Releases greenhouse gases (methane and CO2) unless they are collected Air pollution from toxic gases and volatile organic compounds Dust Noise and traffic No shortage of landfill space in many areas Filled land can be used for other purposes Can handle large amounts of waste Can be built quickly Low operating costs Low groundwater pollution if sited properly Little odor

32. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings In Connecticut, why do we recycle? A.It is required by law. B.It is environmentally responsible. C.Both A & B

33. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Which of the following MUST be recycled according to CT law? A.Glass B.Plastic C.Paper D.Cardboard E.Newspaper

34. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings CT law – Mandated Recycling Glass & Metal Plastic Containers (#1 & 2) Cardboard Newspaper Magazines White & Colored Office Paper Ni-Cd Rechargeable Batteries Waste Crankcase Oil Leaves/Grass Clippings (compost) Lead Acid or Car Batteries How Are We Doing?

35. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings 22_11.JPG

36. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Recycling in the U.S.

37. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Ideas for increasing source reduction?

38. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

39. 22_T01.JPG

40. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Financial incentives can address waste Pay-as-you-throw approach = uses financial incentives to influence consumer behavior Bottle bills = consumers receive a refund for returning used bottlesBottle bills

41. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Waste to Energy - Incineration In CT AdvantagesDisadvantages Reduced trash volumeHigh Cost Reduced need for landfillsAir pollution Reduced water pollutionToxic Ash Source of electricityEncourages Waste Production

42. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings http://www.seas.columbia.edu/earth/wtert /faq.html

43. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings What About Hazardous Waste? Ignitable, corrosive, reactive, or toxic substances

44. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fig. 22-15, p. 534 What Harmful Chemicals Are in Your Home? Glues and cements Dry-cell batteries (mercury and cadmium) Rust inhibitor and rust remover Brake and transmission fluid General Cleaning Battery acid Wood preservatives Stains, varnishes, and lacquers Automotive Gasoline Used motor oil Paint Latex and oil-based paints Paint thinners, solvents, and strippers Gardening Pesticides Weed killers Ant and rodent killers Antifreeze Flea powders Disinfectants Septic tank cleaners Spot removers Drain, toilet, and window cleaners Artist paints and inks Solvents

45. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Surface Impoundment

46. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Deep Well Injection

47. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings U.S. Hazardous Waste Regulations -Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) -Cradle-to-the-grave system to keep track of waste. -Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) -1980, established federal authority for emergency response and cleanup of hazardous substances that have been spilled, improperly disposed of, or released into the environment. -Superfund -“Love Canal” – precipitating incidentLove Canal

48. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

50. Electronic waste (“e-waste”) = electronic devices -Computers, printers, VCRs, fax machines, cell phones -CT Electronics Recycling LawCT Electronics Recycling Law

51. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings A brownfield is a property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant. EPA's Brownfields Program provides financial and technical assistance for brownfields activities. CT Brownfields

52. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Phytostabilization Plants such as willow trees and poplars can absorb chemicals and keep them from reaching groundwater or nearby surface water. Rhizofiltration Roots of plants such as sunflowers with dangling roots on ponds or in green- houses can absorb pollutants such as radioactive strontium-90 and cesium-137 and various organic chemicals. Phytoextraction Roots of plants such as Indian mustard and brake ferns can absorb toxic metals such as lead, arsenic, and others and store them in their leaves. Plants can then be recycled or harvested and incinerated. Phytodegradation Plants such as poplars can absorb toxic organic chemicals and break them down into less harmful compounds which they store or release slowly into the air. Inorganic metal contaminants Organic contaminants Radioactive contaminants Brake fern Poplar tree Indian mustard Willow tree Sunflower Oil spill Landfill Groundwater Soil Polluted leachate Decontaminated water out Polluted groundwater in Groundwater Soil

53. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings http://rydberg.biology.colostate.edu

54. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fig. 22-5, p. 523 Primary Pollution and Waste Prevention First Priority Second PriorityLast Priority Release waste into environment for dispersal or dilution Bury waste in landfills Waste Management Incinerate waste Buy reusable recyclable products Recycle Repair products Make products that last longer and are recyclable, reusable, or easy to repair Reduce packaging and materials in products Use less of a harmful product Secondary Pollution and Waste Prevention Treat waste to reduce toxicity Purchase different products Reuse products Change industrial process to eliminate use of harmful chemicals Compost http://www.storyofstuff.com/