1. George Washington The Native American Challenge in Western lands

2. Challenge of Western Expansion Treaty of Paris 1783 ceded Northwest Territory to United States Treaty of Paris 1783 ceded Northwest Territory to United States British allowed to keep border forts until US resolve land disputes with Native Americans British allowed to keep border forts until US resolve land disputes with Native Americans British incited Native Americans to attack settlers British incited Native Americans to attack settlers Conflict called Northwest Indian Wars Conflict called Northwest Indian Wars

4. Early Set-backs Chippewa, Ottawa, Pottawatomi, Shawnee, Delaware, Mingo, and Wyandot tribes formed confederation to oppose settlement of Northwest Territory Chippewa, Ottawa, Pottawatomi, Shawnee, Delaware, Mingo, and Wyandot tribes formed confederation to oppose settlement of Northwest Territory Between 1790-94 Native Americans experienced long string of victories Between 1790-94 Native Americans experienced long string of victories Seemed on verge keeping Americans out Seemed on verge keeping Americans out

5. Washington Takes Action Early attempts to secure the Ohio Territory by negotiation fail. Early attempts to secure the Ohio Territory by negotiation fail. Hostilities ensue under General Arthur St. Clair, Governor of the Northwest Territory. Hostilities ensue under General Arthur St. Clair, Governor of the Northwest Territory. St. Clair leads a punitive actions against Indians in November of 1791. St. Clair leads a punitive actions against Indians in November of 1791. St. Clair's Defeat, or the "Battle of the Wabash." St. Clair's Defeat, or the "Battle of the Wabash."Battle of the WabashBattle of the Wabash Greatest defeat of the American army by Native Americans in history with some 623 American soldiers killed in action as opposed to about 50 enemy dead. Greatest defeat of the American army by Native Americans in history with some 623 American soldiers killed in action as opposed to about 50 enemy dead. Washington replaces St. Clair Washington replaces St. Clair

6. “Mad” Anthony Wayne 1792 General Wayne attempts negotiation with Indians 1792 General Wayne attempts negotiation with Indians June 1794 Native Americans attack Fort Recovery June 1794 Native Americans attack Fort Recovery Wayne decides force is needed Wayne decides force is needed

7. Map: Battle of Fallen Timbers

8. Battle of Fallen Timbers Near present day Toledo, Wayne meets an Indian force of about 1300 Near present day Toledo, Wayne meets an Indian force of about 1300 Called Fallen Timbers because tornado had fallen trees Called Fallen Timbers because tornado had fallen trees Wayne defeats the Native forces Wayne defeats the Native forces Indians flee to Ft Miami, controlled by the British and turned away Indians flee to Ft Miami, controlled by the British and turned away This is the final and decisive battle of the War. This is the final and decisive battle of the War.

9. A 19th-century color engraving depicts the victory of Gen. Anthony Wayne's troops at the battle of Fallen Timbers on Aug. 20, 1794. Wayne's victory over the Northwest Indian Confederation led to a treaty that granted most of Ohio and parts of Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois to the United States.

10. Treaty of Greenville August 2, 1795 It put an end to the Northwest Indian War. It put an end to the Northwest Indian War. Northwest Indian War Northwest Indian War Native Americans turned over to the United States large parts of modern-day Ohio, the future site of downtown Chicago and the Fort Detroit area. Native Americans turned over to the United States large parts of modern-day Ohio, the future site of downtown Chicago and the Fort Detroit area.

11. Odd Man Out Tecumseh, Native American refused to sign the Treaty Tecumseh, Native American refused to sign the Treaty In 1795 he would begin gathering discontented natives around him In 1795 he would begin gathering discontented natives around him He would challenge American authority again He would challenge American authority again

12. Importance of the Battle Forced British to abandon outposts Forced British to abandon outposts Treaty of Greenville: Indians relinquish most of Ohio lands Treaty of Greenville: Indians relinquish most of Ohio lands Without the victory, US may have been forced to cede Northwest Territory to British Without the victory, US may have been forced to cede Northwest Territory to British Another defeat would have greatly weakened the new government, highlighting inability to protect Another defeat would have greatly weakened the new government, highlighting inability to protect