1. T HE H ALLIBURTON L OOPHOLE Team SALL-Z

2. F RACKING (Noun) the process of injecting liquid at high pressure into subterranean rocks, boreholes, etc, so as to force open existing fissures and extract oil or gas

3. F RACKING C ONTINUED Slang term for hydraulic fracturing The larger fissures allow more oil and gas to flow into the wellbore, from where it can be extracted. Fracking resulted in many oil and gas wells attaining a state of economic viability, due to the level of extraction that can be reached.

4. H ALLIBURTON LOOPHOLE Loophole came about as result of efforts of VP Dick Cheney’s Energy task force Stripped EPA (environmental protection agency) of its authority regulate drilling process called hydraulic fracturing Halliburton in 1940’s involves injecting mix of water, sand, and chemicals Some of these toxic into underground rock formations to blant them open and release natural gas

6. H ALLIBURTON LOOPHOLE CONTINUED If still in progress…..Important bill, fracturing responsibility and Awareness of Chemical Acts would close the loophole and restore EPA’s rightful authority to regulate hydraulic fracturing Requires oil and gas industry disclose chemicals they use, causing problem for industry Hydraulic fracturing poles to humans health and safe drinking water supplies

7. H YDRAULIC FACTURING EFFECTS ON G ROUNDWATER Fracking leaves chemicals behind in minerals Chemicals get injected into metals and Hydrocarbons Sometimes chemicals get into water Chemicals like methane and combustible gases

8. H YDRAULIC FACTURING EFFECTS ON G ROUNDWATER CONT … Water becomes flammable Ohio and Pennsylvania residents complain about these gases in water Water also becomes dangerous to drink Because of this public health is at risk Companies refuse to address these complains

9. R EFERENCES Earthworksaction.org Nytimes.com Worldpress.vermontlaw.edu/