1. P ROGRESSIVE P RESIDENTS

2. T HEODORE R OOSEVELT Became President at age 43 1901. Born well to do family in New York William McKinley was assassinated Brought youth and energy Avid Hunter Expeditions to Africa Big Game in the States Rancher Ranched in Dakota Territory Lost his Ranch Rough Rider Colonel in Spanish American War War hero

6. M ORE T EDDY A worldly man Felt a need to put America on the World stage Expand reach of US Became Governor of New York in 1898 Felt that he needed to be a steward to the people To take action for the good of the public (As President) Thought Government was an arbitor between big business and labor That government would step in and solve problems Bust the Trust “speak softly and carry a big stick”

7. T RUST B USTER

8. S QUARE D EAL Protect small business Keep big business from taking advantage of small business and poor Did not mean an equal distribution of wealth It meant regulation of what that business could do Coal strike 1902 Miners wanted higher pay and shorter hours Teddy asked owners to give in a bit Threatened to send in federal troops to seize the mines Mine owners gave small raise and 9 hour days Coal strike was the first time Government stepped in on the side of workers.

9. T RUST B USTING Carry a big stick Reinforce Sherman Anti-trust Act Northern Railroad company Was found to be in violation anti-trust act Supreme court forced company to break into smaller ones Railroad was used as a warning for other trusts Teddy had “good” and “bad” trusts Big business was bad if it hurt smaller ones and consumers Supported big business as long as it was fair to the consumer

10. H EPBURN A CT Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) Made ICC more Powerful 1906 Had the ability to set shipping rates for all railroad companies Could set and limit shipping costs and rates Also set maximum prices for ferries, bridge tolls, and oil pipelines

11. P ACKING P LANTS

12. M EAT I NSPECTION A CT Inspect any meat sold across state lines Required federal inspection of process plants Upton Sinclair The Jungle “All day long the blazing midsummer sun beat down upon that square mile of abominations: upon tens of thousands of cattle crowded into pens whose wooden floors stank and steamed contagion; upon bare, blistering, cinder-strewn railroad tracks, and huge blocks of dingy meat factories, whose labyrinthine passages defied a breath of fresh air to penetrate them; and there were not merely rivers of hot blood, and carloads of moist flesh, and rendering vats and soap caldrons, glue factories and fertilizer tanks, that smelt like the craters of hell—there were also tons of garbage festering in the sun, and the greasy laundry of the workers hung out to dry, and dining rooms littered with food and black with flies, and toilet rooms that were open sewers.”

13. P URE F OOD AND D RUG A CT Prohibit the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure or falsely labeled food and drugs. Passed the same day as the Meat Inspection Act

14. N ATIONAL L AND C ONSERVATION John Muir A naturalist from CA Created Yosemite National Park Gifford Pinchot United States Forest Service Land was to be used for the benefit of many Roosevelt added over 100 million acres and protected forests created 51 wildlife preserves

15. N ATIONAL R ECLAMATION A CT Authorized the use of federal funds from land sales to pay for irrigation and land development Made water available to farms where water was not previously

16. T AFT Secretary of War for Roosevelt Felt he was best for the job The Payne-Aldrich Tariff Wanted to lower tariff Failed to lower tariff and raised some Split progressive party – wanted to lower tariffs Children’s Bureau Agency that investigates and publicizes problems with child labor Conservation Preserved as much or more natural land as Roosevelt

17. S PLIT WITH R OOSEVELT Taft has no distinction between good and bad trust Brought twice as many anti-trust lawsuits as Roosevelt Broke up US Steel for buying a Coal Company Final straw for Roosevelt – would run for office again Fired Gifford Pinchot for criticizing Richard Ballinger Ballinger was secretary of interior Angered many progressives Roosevelt as angered that Taft was destroying his system for cooperation and regulation with Trusts

18. E LECTION OF 1912 Bull-Moose Party – 3 rd party Progressives nominated Teddy Taft – Republican Nominee Woodrow Wilson – Democratic Became an election between Wilson VS Roosevelt Teddy ran on “New Nationalism Protect women and children in labor Workman’s compensation Wilson ran on “New Freedom” Destroying monopolies more competition in business Less government economic control

19. W ILSON WINS Wilson won 41% of popular vote 435 electoral votes Roosevelt 27%, 88 votes Taft 23%, 8 votes Roosevelt and Taft split Republican party Wilson wins easily

20. N EW F REEDOM Strict control over government corporations More opportunities for more small business

21. E CONOMY 16 th Amendment Gave power to government to collect on a person’s income Underwood Tariff Bill Lowered tariffs on imported goods Proposed the graduated income tax Wealthy pay higher percentage of taxes than the poor

22. F EDERAL R ESERVE A CT Created 12 regional banks Hold money in reserve from commercial banks National supervision of the banking system Could set interest rates the reserve banks could charge other banks Indirectly controlling the interest rates of the entire nation Controlled the amount of money in circulation

23. A NTI -T RUST R EGULATION Federal Trade Commission Monitor business practices that might lead to a monopoly Watch for false advertising and false labeling Clayton Anti-trust Act Extension of Sherman Anti-trust act Spelled out practices that business could and could not do Restricted competition

24. P ROTECTING W ORKERS R IGHTS Workman’s Compensation Act Gives wages to temproarily disabled civil servant employees Adamson Act Limited Railroad workers to 8 hours

25. P ROGRESSIVES L ASTING E FFECT Government had changed both legal and public opinion on protecting worker and regulating big business Policy that Wilson and Roosevelt put into place protect the consumer They protected natural resources and wildlife conservation acts